Imashini zifatika ni inzira yo gukuraho ibikoresho kumurimo mugihe ufashe kwishyuza hafi. Imashini isanzwe ifite ubwoko bwinshi, harimo gusya, guhindukira no gusohoza amashanyarazi. Imashini isanzwe uyumunsi igenzurwa hakoreshejwe igenzura rya mudasobwa (CNC).
Ibicuruzwa hafi ya byose byicyuma Koresha imashini yateguwe, kimwe nibindi bikoresho nka plastiki nibiti. Izi mashini zikorwa na imashini zihariye kandi zatojwe. Kugirango igikoresho gitema gikora akazi kayo, kigomba kwimurwa mubyerekezo byasobanuwe kugirango duce. Iki cyiciro cyibanze cyitwa "Umuvuduko ukata." Igikorwa gishobora kandi kwimurwa, kizwi ku izina rya kabiri rya "ibiryo." Hamwe na hamwe, ibyo byifuzo nubukari bwigikoresho cyo gukata kwemerera imashini isanzwe gukora.
Imashini nziza yateguwe isaba ubushobozi bwo gukurikiza ibishushanyo mbonera byihariye byatanzwe na CAD (igishushanyo cya mudasobwa) cyangwa cam (mudasobwa ifasha) muri Aupocad na Turbocad. Porogaramu irashobora gufasha gutanga umusaruro utoroshye, 3-udukoko cyangwa urucacagu rukenewe kugirango ukorere igikoresho, imashini cyangwa ikintu. Ibi bisobanuro bigomba kubahirizwa hamwe birambuye kugirango umenye ko ibicuruzwa bigumana ubunyangamugayo bwayo. Mugihe ibigo byinshi byerekana neza gahunda zimwe na zimwe za cad / cam, baracyakora kenshi bafite igishushanyo mbonera cyintoki mubyiciro byambere byashushanyije.
Imashini zateguwe zikoreshwa kubikoresho byinshi birimo ibyuma, umuringa, igishushanyo, ikirahure na plastike kugirango bitange bike. Ukurikije ingano yumushinga nibikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa, ibikoresho bitandukanye byerekana ibimenyetso bizakoreshwa. Ihuriro iryo ari ryo ryose rya Lathes, imashini zisya, imashini zo gusya, zikaba zikaba ziratobora, ndetse na robotike yihuta irashobora gukoreshwa. Inganda za Aerospace zirashobora gukoresha imashini ndende, mugihe inganda zikora ibikoresho-ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha amafoto-chimique esching no gusya. Gukubita kwiruka, cyangwa ingano yihariye yikintu runaka, gishobora kubarirwa mubihumbi, cyangwa kuba bike. Imashini zifatika zisaba gahunda y'ibikoresho bya CNC bivuze ko ari mudasobwa igenzurwa na mudasobwa. Igikoresho cya CNC cyemerera ibipimo nyabyo bigomba gukurikizwa mugihe cyibicuruzwa.
Gusya nuburyo bwo gusiga bwo gukoresha kuzunguruka kugirango ukureho ibikoresho bivuye kumurimo utera imbere (cyangwa kugaburira) igitaramo mubyerekezo runaka. Igitaramo gishobora kandi gufatwa kumurongo ugereranije na axis yikikoresho. Gusya bikubiyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye bitandukanye nimashini, ku munzani uva mu bice bito byihariye, biremereye by'agatsiko. Nimwe mubice bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusiga ibice kugirango uhangane neza.
Gusya birashobora gukorwa hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byimashini. Icyiciro cyumwimerere cyibikoresho byo gusya byari imashini isya (akenshi yitwa urusyo). Nyuma yo kumenyekana kuri mudasobwa igenzura (CNC), imashini zo gusya zahindutse ibigo byazimiye: Imashini zo Gusya zagendagangenguye ibikoresho byingirakamaro, ibikoresho byibikoresho, ubushobozi bwa CNC, na sisitemu nziza, n'inkingi. Ibigo byo gusya muri rusange bishyirwa mubikorwa nkibigo byahamye (VMCs) cyangwa ibigo byagambitse (HMCs).
Kwishyira hamwe kwandikisha ibibi, naho ubundi, byatangiye hamwe nigikoresho nzima kumatara no gukoresha rimwe na rimwe urusyo rwo guhindura imikorere. Ibi byatumye habaho icyiciro gishya cyibikoresho by'imashini, imashini zinyuranye (MTMS), zigamije intego yo koroshya gukwirakwiza no guhindukira mu ibahasha y'akazi.
Ku bashakashatsi basebanya, amakipe ya R & D, hamwe nababikora biterwa nigice, gushushanya CNC yerekana ibyemerera kurema ibice bigoye nta kunditunganya. Mubyukuri, gushira CNC imashini ikunze gutuma bishoboka kubice byuzuye bigomba gukorwa kumashini imwe.
Inzira yo gusiga ikuraho ibikoresho kandi ikoresha ibintu byinshi byo gukata ibikoresho byanyuma, kandi akenshi bigoye, igishushanyo cyigice. Urwego rwuburinganire rwiyongera binyuze mugukoresha mudasobwa (CNC), bikoreshwa mugukoresha kugenzura ibikoresho byo gusiga.
Uruhare rwa "CNC" mugukoresha neza
Gukoresha amabwiriza ya porogaramu ya kodegisi, PRCIMS CNC imashini ituma aho gucikamo no gushingwa kubisobanuro bidafite intoki kubakoresha imashini.
Gufata igishushanyo mbonera cya mudasobwa (CAD) cyatanzwe numukiriya, umukoresha winzobere akoresha mudasobwa ifasha mudasobwa (kamera) kugirango ukore amabwiriza yo gukoresha igice. Ukurikije icyitegererezo cya Cad, software igena ibihe by'ibikoresho bikenewe kandi bigatanga code yo gutangiza porogaramu ivuga imashini:
■ Ni ubuhe buryo bukwiye rpms no kugaburira
■ Iyo n'aho kwimura igikoresho na / cyangwa ibikorwa
■ Uko gukata
■ Iyo usaba coolant
■ Ibindi bintu byose bijyanye n'umuvuduko, kugaburira, no guhuza ibikorwa
Umugenzuzi wa CNC noneho akoresha kode yo gutangiza, mukora, no gukurikirana ingendo za mashini.
Uyu munsi, CNC irimo ibintu byubatswe nibiranga ibikoresho byinshi, uhereye kuri lathes, hamwe na router kuri wire edm (gusohora amashanyarazi), laser, na mashini ya laser) Usibye kwikora inzira yo gucuruza no kuzamura ibisobanuro, CNC ikuraho imirimo yintoki kandi ikuraho abashoramari kugirango igenzure imashini nyinshi zikora icyarimwe.
Byongeye kandi, iyo inzira y'ibikoresho yarateguwe kandi imashini irategurwa, irashobora gukora igice icyo aricyo cyose. Ibi bitanga urwego rwo hejuru rwibisobanuro no gusubiramo, nabyo bituma inzira igura cyane kandi ishimishije.
Ibikoresho byafashwe
Ibyuma bimwe bikunze kugaragaramo Aluminium, umuringa, umuringa, umuringa, ibyuma, Titanium, na zinc. Byongeye kandi, ibiti, ifuro, fiberglass, na plastike nka polypropylene nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa.
Mubyukuri, kubintu byose birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe no gushushanya CNC - birumvikana, bitewe nibisabwa nibisabwa.
Ibyiza bimwe byo gushushanya cnc
Kuri byinshi mubice bito nibigize bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinshi byakozwe, gushushanya CNC akenshi ni uburyo bwo guhitamo.
Nkuko bimeze muburyo bwose bwo gukata nuburyo bwo gutondeka, ibikoresho bitandukanye bitwara ukundi, kandi ubunini nuburyo bwigice nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri gahunda. Ariko, muri rusange inzira yo gushushanya CNC itanga inyungu kubindi buryo bwo gusiga.
Ni ukubera ko imashini ya CNC ishoboye gutanga:
Urwego rwo hejuru rwibice
Kwihanganirana cyane, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 0.0002 "(± 0.00508 MM) kuri ± 0,0005" (± 0.0127 mm)
■ Ntibisanzwe hejuru yubuso burarangiye, harimo kurangiza
Gusubiramo, ndetse no ku bwinshi
Mugihe imashini yubuhanga irashobora gukoresha lathe intoki kugirango igice cyiza mumibare 10 cyangwa 100, bigenda bite mugihe ukeneye ibice 1.000? Ibice 10,000? Ibice 100.000 cyangwa miriyoni?
Hamwe no gushushanya CNC, urashobora kubona igituba n'umuvuduko ukenewe kuri ubu bwoko bw'umusaruro mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibisubirwamo byinshi byo gushushanya cnc biguha ibice byose bitangiye kugirango urangize, nubwo ibice byinshi ubyara.
Hariho uburyo bwihariye bwo gufata amashusho ya CNC, harimo na Wire Edm (gusohoza amashanyarazi), imashini ziyongera, na 3D icapiro. Kurugero, Wire Edm akoresha ibikoresho bitwara - mubisanzwe - kandi isohotse amashanyarazi kuri Elide umukozi mubikorwa byakomeye.
Ariko, hano tuzibanda kumikino yo gusya no guhindukirira - uburyo bubiri bukubiyemo buboneka cyane kandi bukoreshwa kenshi mugushushanya cnc.
Gusya na guhindura
Gusya nuburyo bwo gusiga bukoresha igikoresho cyuzuye, cyagamye kugirango ukureho ibikoresho no gukora imiterere. Ibikoresho byo gusya, bizwi nk'urusyo cyangwa ikigo cya Mast, gisohoza isanzure igice kitoroshye cya geometries kuri bimwe mubintu binini.
Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ubusya nuko akazi gahagaze mugihe cyibikoresho byo gutema. Muyandi magambo, ku ruganda, igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka kiva ku kazi, gikomeza gukosorwa mu buriri.
Guhinduka nigikorwa cyo gukata cyangwa guhinduranya ibikorwa mubikoresho byitwa Lathe. Mubisanzwe, lathe izunguruka ibikorwa kuri axical cyangwa horizontal axis mugihe igikoresho gihamye (gishobora kuzunguruka) kigenda kumurongo wateguwe.
Igikoresho ntigishobora kuzenguruka igice. Ibikoresho bizunguruka, bituma igikoresho gikora ibikorwa byateguwe. .
Guhinduka, bitandukanye no gusya, ibikorwa byakazi. Igice cyimigabane gihinduka kuri spindle ya lathe nibikoresho byo gukata byahuje numurimo.
Imfashanyigisho na CNC imashini
Mugihe imbondo zombi ziboneka muburyo bwintoki, imashini za CNC zirakwiriye hagamijwe ibice bito byo gukora - gutanga ubwoba no gusubiramo kubisabwa no gusubiramo kubisabwa bisaba umusaruro mwinshi wibice byintoki.
Usibye gutanga imashini zoroshye 2-axis aho igikoresho cyimukiye muri x na z ibikoresho bya CNC birimo icyitegererezo kinini kirimo moderi nyinshi zirashobora kandi kwimuka. Ibi bitandukanye na lathe aho umukozi ukora agarukira kuzunguruka nibikoresho bizagenda kugirango ukore geometrie wifuza.
Ibi bikoresho byinshi bya axis byemerera umusaruro wa geometries zigoye cyane mubikorwa bimwe, udasabye akazi kongeyeho numukoresha wa mashini. Ibi ntabwo byoroshye gusa kubyara ibice bigoye, ariko nanone bigabanya cyangwa gukuraho amahirwe yikosa ryakazi.
Byongeye kandi, gukoresha igitutu kinini cyakonje hamwe na CNC imashini ya CNC yemeza ko chip itagera mubikorwa, nubwo ikoresha imashini ifite spind ihagaze ihagaritse.
Urusyo rwa CNC
Imashini zitandukanye zo gusya ziratandukanye mubunini bwabo, iboneza rya axis, kugaburira ibiciro, gukata umuvuduko, icyerekezo cyo gusya, nibindi biranga.
Ariko, muri rusange, urusyo rwa CNC twose dukoresha spind ya roct kugirango igabanye ibikoresho bidakenewe. Bakoreshwa mugukata ibyuma bikomeye nkicyuma na Titanium ariko birashobora kandi gukoreshwa hamwe nibikoresho nka plastiki na aluminium.
Uruhinja rwa CNC rwubatswe kubisubiramo kandi rushobora gukoreshwa kubintu byose kuva prototyping kumusaruro mwinshi. Isonga ryinshi rya CNC rikoreshwa mugukoresha akazi gakomeye nko gusya izoba nziza n'ibibumba.
Mugihe CNC gusya irashobora gutanga impinduka zihuse, nkuko bikunze kurangiza gutera ibice nibimenyetso bigaragara. Irashobora kandi gutanga ibice hamwe nimpande zikarishye no gushyingura, bityo inzira yinyongera irashobora gusabwa mugihe impandekwako kandi bitemewe bitemewe kuri ibyo biranga.
Birumvikana, ibikoresho byo kwikuramo byateguwe murukurikirane bizavamo, nubwo mubisanzwe bigera kuri 90% byibisabwa byibuze, bigatuma ibintu bimwe biranga amaboko yanyuma.
Nko hejuru yubuso, hari ibikoresho bitazatanga umusaruro wemewe gusa, ariko nanone indorerwamo ikunda kumwanya wibicuruzwa byakazi.
Ubwoko bwa CNC
Ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwimashini basya buzwi nkibigo birimo ibigo byiziritse hamwe nibigo bya horizoning byambitse, aho itandukaniro ryibanze riri mu cyerekezo cyimashini.
Ikigo gihamye ni urusyo aho axind yahujwe muburyo bwa z-axis. Imashini zihagaritse zirashobora gukomeza kugabanamo ubwoko bubiri:
Urusyo rw'ibitanda, aho spindle yimuka kuri axis yayo bwite mugihe ameza yimuka kuri perpendicular kuri axis ya spindle
Uruganda rukora, aho spindle ihagaze kandi imbonerahamwe yimuka kugirango ihore perpendicular kandi ihwanye na axis ya spind mugihe cyo gukata
Mu kigo cya horizontal, urusyo rwa spindle asubizwa mu cyerekezo cya y-axis. Imiterere itambitse bivuze ko urusyo rukunda gufata umwanya munini kumashusho yimashini; Muri rusange nabo baremereye muburemere kandi bafite imbaraga kuruta imashini zihagaritse.
Urusyo rutambitse akenshi rukoreshwa mugihe hakenewe hejuru hejuru; Ibyo ni ukubera ko icyerekezo cya spindle bisobanura gukata imirongo isanzwe igwa kandi ikurwaho byoroshye. (Nkinyungu ziyongereye, gukuraho neza Chip bifasha kongera ubuzima.)
Muri rusange, ibigo bikomeye byahamye byiganje kuko bishobora kuba bikomeye nkibigo bya itambitse kandi birashobora gukora ibice bito cyane. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bihagaritse bifite ibirenge bito kuruta ibigo bya itanura.
Multi-Axis CNC
Ibigo bya CNC byimisozi biraboneka hamwe na axes nyinshi. Urusyo rwa 3-axis ukoresha x, y, na z anees kubikorwa bitandukanye. Hamwe na murumuna wa 4-axis, imashini irashobora kuzunguruka kumurongo uhagaritse kandi utambitse kandi wimure aho ukora kugirango wemererwe kubigenda byinshi.
Urusyo rwa 5-Axis rufite ishoka eshatu gakondo hamwe nishoka ebyiri zizunguruka, zifasha ibikorwa kugirango uzenguruke mugihe umutwe uzunguruka uzenguruka. Ibi bishoboza impande eshanu zumukozi ukoreshwa udakuraho ibikorwa no gusubiramo imashini.
Cnc lathes
Lathe - nanone yitwa umwanya wo guhindura - ifite umuzingo umwe cyangwa benshi, na x na z amashoka. Imashini ikoreshwa muguhinduranya ibikorwa kuri axis kugirango ukore ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gukata no gushushanya, gushyira mubikoresho byinshi kumurimo.
CNC Lathes, nazo zitwa ibikorwa byakazi Live, nibyiza kugirango ukore ibice bya simindterikari cyangwa ibice. Kimwe na CNC MILS, Laft Lathes irashobora gukemura ibikorwa bito prototyping ariko irashobora kandi gushyirwaho kugirango isubizwe hejuru, ishyigikira umusaruro mwinshi.
CNC Lathes irashobora kandi gushyirwaho umusaruro ugereranije nisuku, bikaba bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, aerospace, robotike, hamwe ninganda zishingiye kubuvuzi.
Ukuntu CNC Lathe Imirimo
Hamwe na lathe, umurongo wuzuye wibintu byuzuye biremerewe muri chuck ya lathe. Iyi nkoko ifata akazi mumwanya mugihe spindle izunguruka. Iyo spindle igera kumuvuduko usabwa, igikoresho gihagaze gihagaze cyazanywe numukozi wo gukuraho ibikoresho no kugera kuri geometrie iboneye.
Lathe ya CNC irashobora gukora ibikorwa byinshi, nko gutekanya, guhangana, kurambirana, gusubiramo, gufata, no guhindukira. Ibikorwa bitandukanye bisaba impinduka igikoresho kandi birashobora kongera ibiciro nigihe cyo gushiraho.
Iyo ibikorwa byose bisabwa birangiye, igice giciwe mubice kugirango birusheho gutunganya, nibiba ngombwa. Lathe noneho yiteguye gusubiramo imikorere, hamwe na bike cyangwa ntakindi gihe gisabwa hagati.
CNC Lathes irashobora kandi kwakira agamije ibiciro bitandukanye byikora, bigabanya ingano yintoki zifata ibikoresho nkibyiza nkibi bikurikira:
■ Kugabanya igihe n'imbaraga bisabwa mu mukoresha wa mashini
■ Shigikira igitereko cyo kugabanya ibigo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi
Emerera igikoresho cy'imashini gukora kuri spindle nziza
Kugabanya ibihe byahinduwe
■ kugabanya imyanda y'ibintu
Ubwoko bwa CNC Lathes
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwamahoro, ariko ibintu bisanzwe ni 2-axis lathes nubushinwa-imiterere yubushinwa bwikora.
Benshi mu Bushinwa Lathes bakoresha spindles imwe cyangwa ebyiri nyamukuru wongeyeho imwe cyangwa ibiri inyuma (cyangwa kabiri) spindles, hamwe no kumeneka ubwinshi bwambere. Spindle nkuru ikora imikorere yibanze, hifashishijwe ubuyobozi bushing.
Byongeye kandi, umunyamahanga umwe wubushinwa uza ufite umutwe wa kabiri wibikoresho ukorera urusyo rwa CNC.
Hamwe na cnc Ubushinwa-imiterere yikora lathe, ibikoresho byimigabane biraburirwa binyuze mumutwe kunyerera mu buyobozi bushingiye ku buyobozi. Ibi bituma igikoresho gigabanyamo ibikoresho hafi yigihe ibikoresho bishyigikiwe, bigatuma imashini y'Ubushinwa igira akamaro cyane cyane yahinduwe cyane, yoroshye yahinduwe na micromachining.
Ibidukikije bya CNC bihindura ibigo nubuhanga bwubushinwa birashobora gusohoza ibikorwa byinshi byo gushushanya ukoresheje imashini imwe. Ibi bibakora neza uburyo bwa geometries igoye ubundi busaba imashini nyinshi cyangwa impinduka zibikoresho ukoresheje ibikoresho nka rusyo rwa CNC gakondo.