Granite ni ubwoko bw'amabuye acukurwa mu butaka kubera imbaraga zayo zidasanzwe, ubucucike bwayo, kuramba kwayo, no kurwanya ingese. Ariko granite nayo irakora cyane - si iya kare na mpandeshatu gusa! Mu by'ukuri, dukorana neza n'ibice bya granite byakozwe mu miterere, inguni, n'imirongo y'impinduka zose buri gihe - kandi umusaruro urahari.
Binyuze mu gutunganya ibintu bigezweho, ubuso buciwe bushobora kuba burambuye cyane. Iyi miterere ituma granite iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukora imashini zikozwe mu bunini bwihariye kandi zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye hamwe n'ibice bya metrology. Granite ni:
■ ikoreshwa mu machine
■ neza neza iyo uciwe kandi urangije
■ irwanya ingese
■ biramba
■ bimara igihe kirekire
Ibikoresho bya granite nabyo biroroshye kubisukura. Mu gihe utegura imiterere yihariye, menya neza ko uhisemo granite kubera inyungu zayo nziza.

IBIKORESHO BYA PEREZIDA / IMPEKERO Z'IMYENDA IKOMEYE
Granite ikoreshwa na ZHHIMG ku bikoresho byacu bisanzwe byo hejuru ifite quartz nyinshi, ituma idashira cyangwa ngo yangirike. Amabara yacu y'umukara ya Superior afite igipimo gito cyo kwinjiza amazi, bigabanya amahirwe y'uko ibipimo byawe by'ubuziranenge bishobora kwangirika mu gihe ushyiraho ku mabara. Amabara ya granite atangwa na ZHHIMG atuma urumuri rugabanuka, bivuze ko amaso y'abantu bakoresha ayo mabara adakora neza. Twahisemo ubwoko bwacu bwa granite mu gihe dutekereza ku kwaguka k'ubushyuhe mu rwego rwo gukomeza kugira iki gice gito.

ISABWA ZIGENEWE
Iyo porogaramu yawe isaba icyuma gifite imiterere yihariye, imigozi, imigozi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukora, uzakenera guhitamo ibikoresho nka Black Jinan Black. Ibi bikoresho karemano bitanga ubukana buhebuje, uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibara ryonyine atari cyo kigaragaza imiterere y’ibuye. Muri rusange, ibara rya granite rifitanye isano itaziguye no kuba hari cyangwa nta mikorobe, ibyo bikaba bidafite aho bihuriye n’imiterere y’ibikoresho byiza byo hejuru. Hari granite y’umutuku, imvi n’umukara nziza cyane ku masahani yo hejuru, ndetse na granite y’umukara, imvi n’umutuku idakwiye gukoreshwa neza. Ibintu by’ingenzi biranga granite, nk’uko bikoreshwa nk’ibikoresho byo hejuru, ntaho bihuriye n’amabara, kandi ni ibi bikurikira:
■ Gukomera (guhinduka munsi y'umutwaro - bigaragazwa na Modulus of Elasticity)
■ Ubukomere
■ Ubucucike
■ Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda
■ Gutuza
■ Ubwinshi bw'amabara

Twagerageje ibikoresho byinshi bya granite kandi tugereranya ibi bikoresho. Amaherezo tubona umusaruro, granite y'umukara ya Jinan ni yo nziza kurusha izindi zose twabonye. Granite y'umukara yo mu Buhinde na granite yo muri Afurika y'Epfo bisa na Granite y'umukara ya Jinan, ariko imiterere yayo iri hasi ugereranyije na Granite y'umukara ya Jinan. ZHHIMG izakomeza gushaka ibindi bikoresho bya granite ku isi kandi igereranye imiterere yabyo.

Kugira ngo tuvuge byinshi ku byerekeye granite ikwiriye umushinga wawe, twandikireinfo@zhhimg.com.

Abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bakoresha ibipimo bitandukanye. Hari ibipimo byinshi ku isi.
DIN Standard, ASME B89.3.7-2013 cyangwa Federal Specification GGG-P-463c (Granite Surface Plates) n'ibindi nk'ishingiro ry'ibipimo byabyo.

Kandi dushobora gukora plaque yo kugenzura neza granite hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye. Murakaza neza kutwandikira niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bipimo ngenderwaho.

Ubugari bushobora gufatwa nk'aho ingingo zose ku buso zikubiye mu byiciro bibiri bingana, urwego rw'ibanze n'urwego rw'igisenge. Igipimo cy'intera iri hagati y'ibice ni ubugari rusange bw'ubuso. Iki gipimo cy'ubugari gikunze kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kandi gishobora kuba gifite urwego.

Urugero, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro ku byiciro bitatu bisanzwe busobanurwa mu bisobanuro bya leta nkuko bigenwa n'uburyo bukurikira:
■ Icyiciro cya Laboratwari AA = (40 + kare y'umurongo ugororotse/25) x .000001" (uruhande rumwe)
■ Isuzuma ry'icyiciro A = Isomo rya Laboratwari AA x 2
■ Icyumba cy'Ibikoresho Icyiciro B = Icyiciro cya Laboratwari AA x 4.

Ku byerekeye plaque zisanzwe zo ku buso, twemeza ko ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubugari burenze ibisabwa muri ubu buryo. Uretse ubugari, ASME B89.3.7-2013 & Federal Specification GGG-P-463c zivuga ku ngingo zirimo: ukuri ko gupima, imiterere y'ibikoresho bya granite zo ku buso, kurangiza ubuso, aho inkingi iherereye, gukomera, uburyo bwemewe bwo kugenzura, gushyiraho insinga zikozwe mu migozi, nibindi.

Amasahani yo kugenzura granite ya ZHHIMG n'amasahani yo kugenzura granite yujuje cyangwa arenga ibisabwa byose bivugwa muri iyi ngingo. Kuri ubu, nta ngingo isobanutse neza ku masahani y'inguni ya granite, imiyoboro ihwanye, cyangwa uturere tw'ingenzi.

Kandi ushobora kubona formula z'izindi ngingo ngenderwaho muriKURAHO.

Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kubungabunga isahani. Ivumbi rituruka mu kirere rikunze kuba isoko ikomeye y’ubusaza ku isahani, kuko rikunze kwinjira mu bice by’akazi n’aho ifata. Icya kabiri, pfuka isahani yawe kugira ngo uyirinde ivumbi n’ibyangiritse. Igihe cyo kwambara gishobora kongerwa upfutse isahani iyo idakoreshwa, uzungurutsa isahani buri gihe kugira ngo ahantu hamwe hatajya hakoreshwa cyane, kandi usimbuze aho ifata icyuma ku gipimo ukoresheje aho ifata icyuma. Nanone, irinde gushyira ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa bidasembuye ku isahani. Menya ko ibinyobwa byinshi bidasembuye birimo aside karubone cyangwa fosiforike, bishobora gushonga imyunyu ngugu yoroshye igasiga utwobo duto hejuru.

Ibi biterwa n'uburyo isahani ikoreshwa. Niba bishoboka, turakugira inama yo gusukura isahani mu ntangiriro z'umunsi (cyangwa akazi) no ku musozo. Iyo isahani yanduye, cyane cyane iyo irimo amavuta cyangwa ibitonyanga, igomba guhita isukurwa.

Sukura isahani buri gihe ukoresheje amazi cyangwa ZHHIMG Waterless surface plate cleaner. Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuyisukura ni ingenzi. Iyo hakoreshejwe umuti uhumanya (acetone, lacquer thinner, alcohol, nibindi) umwuka uhinduka uzatera ubukonje, kandi uhinduke. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa ko isahani ihinduka mu buryo busanzwe mbere yo kuyikoresha bitabaye ibyo hazabaho amakosa yo gupima.

Igihe gisabwa kugira ngo isahani igire ubuzima bwiza kiratandukana bitewe n'ingano y'isahani, n'ingano y'ubukonje. Isaha imwe ikwiye kuba ihagije ku masahani mato. Amasaha abiri ashobora gukenerwa ku masahani manini. Iyo hakoreshejwe isuku ishingiye ku mazi, hazabaho no gukonjesha mu buryo bw'umwuka.

Isahani izagumana amazi, kandi ibi bishobora gutera ingese ku bice by'icyuma bihuye n'ubuso. Hari n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bisukura bizasiga ibisigazwa bitose nyuma yo kuma, ibyo bikakurura ivumbi ryo mu kirere, kandi mu by'ukuri bikongera kwangirika kwaryo, aho kugabanya.

Ibi biterwa n'uko plaque ikoreshwa n'ibidukikije. Turasaba ko plaque nshya cyangwa igikoresho cya granite gikozwe neza cyasubizwa mu buryo bwuzuye mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe cyo kuyigura. Niba plaque y'ubuso bwa granite igiye gukoreshwa cyane, byaba byiza kugabanya iki gihe kugeza ku mezi atandatu. Isuzuma rya buri kwezi ry'amakosa yo gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa igikoresho gisa nacyo rizagaragaza aho hagiye hangirika kandi bifata iminota mike gusa kugira ngo bikorwe. Nyuma y'uko ibisubizo byo gusubiramo bwa mbere bigaragaye, igihe cyo gusuzuma gishobora kongerwa cyangwa kugabanywa nk'uko byemejwe cyangwa bisabwa na sisitemu yawe y'ubuziranenge.

Dushobora gutanga serivisi yo kugufasha gusuzuma no gupima plate yawe y'ubuso bwa granite.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro hagati yo gupima:

• Ubuso bwogejwe n'umuti ushyushye cyangwa ukonje mbere yo gupimwa, kandi ntibwahawe igihe gihagije cyo kuvugurura
• Isahani ishyigikiwe nabi
• Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe
• Imishinga
• Imirasire y'izuba cyangwa ubundi bushyuhe bukabije ku buso bw'isahani. Menya neza ko amatara yo hejuru adashyushya ubuso
• Impinduka mu bushyuhe buhagaze hagati y'itumba n'impeshyi (Niba bishoboka, menya ubushyuhe buhagaze mu gihe cyo gupima.)
• Isahani ntiyemerewe igihe gihagije cyo kuvugurura nyuma yo koherezwa
• Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye n'igenzura
• Impinduka ku buso ziterwa no kwangirika

Ni ubwoko bungahe bw'imyobo iri ku ibara rya granite risobanutse neza?

Imiterere y'ibikoresho bya Precision Granite

Ku nganda nyinshi, ibyumba byo kugenzura no muri laboratwari, amasafuriya y’ubuso bwa granite akozwe neza ni yo ashingirwaho mu gupima neza. Kubera ko buri gipimo gishingiye ku buso busanzwe bushingira ku ngero nyazo aho ibipimo bya nyuma bivanwa, amasafuriya y’ubuso atanga urwego rwiza rw’igenzura ry’akazi n’imiterere mbere yo kuyatunganya. Ni kandi ishingiro ryiza ryo gupima uburebure no gupima ubuso. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubugari, uguhagarara neza, ubwiza rusange n’ubuhanga bituma aba amahitamo meza yo gushyiraho sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima ibyuma, ikoranabuhanga n’amatara. Kuri buri buryo bwo gupima, ni ngombwa ko amasafuriya y’ubuso agumana uburyo bwiza bwo gupima.

Gusubiramo Ibipimo n'Ubugari

Ibipimo by’ubugari n’ibisubirwamo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubuso. Ubugari bushobora gufatwa nk’aho ingingo zose ku buso zikubiye mu byiciro bibiri bingana, igice cyo hasi n’igice cyo hejuru. Igipimo cy’intera iri hagati y’ibipimo ni ubugari bw’ubugari muri rusange. Iki gipimo cy’ubugari gikunze kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kandi gishobora kuba gifite urwego.

Ingano y'ubwirinzi ku byiciro bitatu bisanzwe isobanurwa mu bisobanuro bya leta nkuko bigenwa n'uburyo bukurikira:

Ibipimo bya DIN, GB, ASME, JJS... igihugu gitandukanye gifite aho gihagaze hatandukanye...

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku bijyanye n'ibisanzwe.

Uretse kuba ahantu harambuye, hagomba gusubirwamo neza. Gupima bisubiramo ni ugupima ahantu harambuye. Ni igipimo gifatwa ahantu hose ku buso bw'isahani kizasubiramo mu buryo bwavuzwe. Kugenzura ko ahantu harambuye ku buryo burambuye kuruta uko ahantu harambuye muri rusange bitanga impinduka buhoro buhoro mu miterere y'ubuso, bityo bigabanye amakosa yo mu gace.

Kugira ngo barebe neza ko plaque y'ubuso ihuye n'ibipimo by'ubugari n'ibipimo bisubirwamo, abakora plaque z'ubuso za granite bagomba gukoresha Federal Specification GGG-P-463c nk'ishingiro ry'ibipimo byabo. Iri hame rireba uburyo bwo gupima neza, imiterere y'ibikoresho bya granite y'ubuso, imiterere y'ubuso, aho inkingi iherereye, ubukana, uburyo bwemewe bwo kugenzura no gushyiraho insinga zikozwe mu migozi.

Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bwa Plate

Mu gukurikiza amabwiriza make yoroshye, ishoramari mu gice cy’ubuso cya granite rigomba kumara imyaka myinshi. Bitewe n’uko igice cy’ubuso gikoreshwa, aho giherereye n’uburyo gikenewe, inshuro zo kugenzura uburyo igice cy’ubuso gikoreshwa ziratandukanye. Itegeko rusange ni uko igice gishya cyakira ubuziranenge bwuzuye mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe cyaguzwe. Niba igice gikoreshwa kenshi, ni byiza kugabanya iki gihe kikagera ku mezi atandatu.

Mbere yuko icyuma cyo hejuru cyangirika birenze urugero rw’uko gihagaze neza, kizagaragaza inkingi zashaje cyangwa zigonganye. Isuzuma rya buri kwezi ry’amakosa yo gupima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma kizagaragaza ahantu hashaje. Uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma ni igikoresho gipima neza cyane gipima ikosa ryo mu gace runaka kandi gishobora kwerekwa kuri amplifier y’ikoranabuhanga ikura cyane.

Gahunda yo kugenzura neza igomba kuba irimo kugenzura buri gihe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuziranenge, gitanga uburyo nyabwo bwo kugenzura ubugari bw’ibikoresho byose bushobora gukurikizwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge n’Ikoranabuhanga (NIST). Gusuzuma byuzuye bikorwa n’uruganda cyangwa ikigo cyigenga ni ngombwa rimwe na rimwe.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y'igenamiterere

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, hari itandukaniro hagati yo gupima plaque y'ubuso. Hari igihe ibintu nk'impinduka z'ubuso ziterwa no gusaza, gukoresha nabi ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bidapima bishobora kuba impamvu y'izi mpinduka. Icyakora, ibintu bibiri bikunze kugaragara ni ubushyuhe n'inkunga.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ni ubushyuhe. Urugero, ubuso bushobora kuba bwarasukuwe n'umuti ushyushye cyangwa ukonje mbere yo gupimwa kandi ntibuhabwe umwanya uhagije wo kuvugurura. Izindi mpamvu zitera impinduka z'ubushyuhe zirimo umwuka ukonje cyangwa ushyushye, izuba ryinshi, amatara yo hejuru cyangwa andi masoko y'ubushyuhe bukabije ku buso bw'isahani.

Hari kandi n'impinduka mu bushyuhe buhagaze hagati y'itumba n'impeshyi. Hari ubwo icyuma kiba kidahabwa umwanya uhagije wo kugitunganya nyuma yo kohereza. Ni byiza kwandika ubushyuhe buhagaze mu gihe cyo kugitunganya.

Indi mpamvu ikunze gutuma habaho ihindagurika ry’uburyo bwo gupima ni icyuma gishyigikiwe nabi. Igice cyo hejuru kigomba gushyigikirwa ku ngingo eshatu, byaba byiza gishyizwe ku ntera ya 20% y’uburebure uvuye ku mpera z’igice. Ibikoresho bibiri bigomba gushyirwa ku ntera ya 20% y’ubugari uvuye ku mpande ndende, naho ikindi gikoresho gisigaye kigashyirwa hagati.

Ingingo eshatu gusa ni zo zishobora guhagarara neza ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kitari ubuso buto. Kugerageza gushyigikira isahani ku ngingo zirenze eshatu bizatuma isahani ihabwa inkunga yayo iturutse ku mpande eshatu zitandukanye, zitazaba ari ingingo eshatu zashyigikiweho mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Ibi bizatera amakosa mu gihe isahani ihinduka kugira ngo ihuze n'uburyo bushya bwo kuyishyigikira. Tekereza gukoresha ibyuma bihagarara bifite imiringoti yo kuyishyigikira igenewe guhuza n'ingingo zikwiye zo kuyishyigikira. Ibikoresho byo kuyishyigikira muri rusange biboneka ku ruganda rukora ibyuma bihagarara ku buso.

Iyo platine ishyigikiwe neza, kuyipima neza ni ngombwa gusa iyo porogaramu ibisobanuye. Kuyipima si ngombwa kugira ngo platine ishyigikiwe neza ikomeze kuba nziza.

Ongera igihe cyo kumara isahani

Gukurikiza amabwiriza make bizagabanya kwangirika kw'isahani y'ubuso bwa granite kandi amaherezo bikongere igihe cyo kubaho.

Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kubungabunga isahani. Ivumbi rituruka mu kirere ni ryo rikunze kwangirika cyane ku isahani, kuko rikunze kwinjira mu bikoresho byo gukora no ku buso bw'ibipimo.

Ni ngombwa kandi gupfuka amasahani kugira ngo arinde ivumbi n'ibyangiritse. Igihe cyo kwambara gishobora kongerwa iyo upfutse isahani iyo idakoreshwa.

Zunguruza isahani buri gihe kugira ngo ahantu hamwe hatajya hakoreshwa cyane. Nanone, ni byiza gusimbuza utubati tw'icyuma dupima ukoresheje utubati twa karubide.

Irinde gushyira ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa bidasembuye ku isahani. Ibinyobwa byinshi bidasembuye birimo aside karubone cyangwa fosiforuke, bishobora gushonga imyunyu ngugu yoroshye igasiga utwobo duto hejuru.

Aho wasubiramo

Iyo icyuma gikozwe mu isafuriya ya granite gikeneye kongera gushyirwaho, tekereza niba iyi serivisi ikorerwa aho iherereye cyangwa mu kigo gipima. Buri gihe ni byiza kongera gushyirwaho icyuma gikozwe mu ruganda cyangwa mu kigo cyabugenewe. Ariko, niba icyuma kidasaza cyane, muri rusange kiri muri santimetero 0.001 ugereranyije n'ubushobozi busabwa, gishobora kongera gushyirwaho aho giherereye. Niba icyuma gikozwe mu isafuriya kirenze santimetero 0.001 ugereranyije n'ubushobozi busabwa, cyangwa niba cyarangiritse cyangwa cyarangiritse cyane, kigomba koherezwa mu ruganda kugira ngo gisya mbere yo kongera gushyirwaho.

Ikigo gishinzwe gupima gifite ibikoresho n'imiterere y'uruganda bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gupima neza plaque no kuyivugurura bibaye ngombwa.

Hakwiye kwitonda cyane mu guhitamo umutekinisiye uzagenzura no kuvugurura aho hantu. Saba uburenganzira bwo kwemeza ibikoresho uzakoresha kandi urebe neza ko bifite uburyo bwo kubigenzura bushoboka. Ubunararibonye nabwo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi, kuko bifata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo umuntu yige uburyo bwo gupfunyika neza granite.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bitangirira ku gice cy'ubuso cya granite cy'umwimerere nk'ishingiro. Mu kwemeza ko ari icyerekezo cyizewe hakoreshejwe igice cy'ubuso gikozwe neza, abakora ibikoresho bafite kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo gupima neza no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibice.Q

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'impinduka mu gupima

1. Ahantu hogejwe n'umuti ushyushye cyangwa ukonje mbere yo gupimwa kandi ntihatanzwe igihe gihagije cyo kuvugurura.

2. Isahani ishyigikiwe nabi.

3. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

4. Ibishushanyo mbonera.

5. Imirasire y'izuba cyangwa ubundi bushyuhe bukabije ku buso bw'isahani. Menya neza ko amatara yo hejuru atari ugushyushya ubuso.

6. Impinduka mu bushyuhe buhagaze hagati y'itumba n'impeshyi. Niba bishoboka, menya ubushyuhe buhagaze mu gihe cyo gupima.

7. Isahani ntizahabwa igihe gihagije cyo kuyitunganya nyuma yo kuyitwara.

8. Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura.

9. Impinduka z'ubuso ziterwa no kwangirika.

Inama ku ikoranabuhanga

• Kubera ko buri gipimo cy’umurongo gishingira ku buso bw’ifatizo nyabwo aho ibipimo bya nyuma bivanwa, ibyuma by’ifatizo bitanga urwego rwiza rw’ifatizo rwo kugenzura no gushushanya mbere yo gukora imashini.
• Kugenzura ubugari bw'ahantu haherereye kugeza ku buremere buto kurusha ubugari muri rusange byemeza impinduka buhoro buhoro mu miterere y'ubugari bw'ahantu haherereye, bityo bigabanye amakosa yo mu gace.
• Gahunda nziza yo kugenzura igomba kuba irimo kugenzura buri gihe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuziranenge, gitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ubugari bw’aho ibintu byose biherereye bushobora gupimwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubugenzuzi.

Mu duce tw’imyunyu ngugu tugize granite, abarenga 90% ni feldspar na quartz, muri two feldspar ikaba ari yo nyinshi. Feldspar akenshi iba umweru, imvi, n’umutuku nk’inyama, naho quartz ikaba ahanini idafite ibara cyangwa imvi, ari na byo bigize ibara ry’ibanze rya granite. Feldspar na quartz ni imyunyu ngugu ikomeye, kandi biragoye kuyikoresha icyuma. Ku bijyanye n’utudomo twijimye muri granite, cyane cyane mica y’umukara, hari n’utundi tunyabutabire. Nubwo biotite yoroshye, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira stress ntabwo ari buke, kandi icyarimwe iba ifite ingano nto muri granite, akenshi ikaba iri munsi ya 10%. Iyi ni yo mimerere y’ibikoresho aho granite iba ikomeye cyane.

Indi mpamvu ituma granite ikomeye ni uko uduce twayo tw’imyunyu ngugu tuba dufatanye cyane kandi tukaba dufatanye. Utwo tuyobo akenshi tuba turi munsi ya 1% by’ingano yose y’urutare. Ibi biha granite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye kandi ntiyoroshye kwinjiramo n’ubushuhe.

Ibice bya granite bikozwe mu mabuye bidafite ingese, aside na alkali, birwanya kwangirika neza kandi bimara igihe kirekire, nta kubungabunga byihariye. Ibice bya granite bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by'inganda z'imashini. Kubwibyo, byitwa ibice bya granite cyangwa ibice bya granite. Ibiranga ibice bya granite bifatika ni bimwe n'iby'imbuga za granite. Intangiriro yo gukoresha ibikoresho no gupima ibice bya granite bifatika: Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora neza no gukora mikoro ni icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cyo gupima urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'inganda zo kurinda ntibitandukanywa n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora neza no gukora mikoro. Ibice bya granite bishobora gutembera neza mu gupima, nta guhagarara. Gupima ubuso bw'akazi, gushwanyagurika muri rusange ntibigira ingaruka ku buryo ibipimo bitunganye. Ibice bya granite bigomba gutegurwa no gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'ibikenewe.

Ahantu ho gusaba akazi:

Nkuko twese tubizi, imashini n'ibikoresho byinshi birimo guhitamo ibice bya granite by'ubuziranenge.

Ibice bya granite bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bihindagurika, moteri zigororotse, cmm, cnc, imashini ya laser...

Murakaza neza kuduhamagara kugira ngo mumenye byinshi.

Ibikoresho byo gupima granite n'ibice bya granite byakozwe muri granite y'umukara yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Bitewe n'ubuhanga bwayo bwo hejuru, kumara igihe kirekire, gutuza no kudahura n'ingufu, yagiye ikoreshwa cyane mu igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa by'inganda zigezweho ndetse n'inzego za siyansi nko mu isanzure ry'ikirere cya mechanical n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.

Ibyiza

----Ibyiri bikomeye kurusha icyuma gishongeshejwe kabiri;

----Impinduka nke mu bunini ziterwa n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe；

----Nta gucika intege, bityo nta guhagarara k'akazi ；

----Nta biremereye cyangwa uduce duto duto bitewe n'imiterere y'ibinyampeke byiza n'ubudashyitse, bituma biramba cyane mu gihe kirekire kandi ntibigire icyo byangiza ku bindi bice cyangwa ibikoresho;

----Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya rukuruzi ridafite ibibazo;

----Iramba kandi nta ngese, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo kuyisana gigabanuka.

Amasahani yo hejuru y’ubuso bwa granite akozwe neza cyane afatanye neza ku rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo agere ku buziranenge kandi akoreshwa nk'ishingiro ryo gushyiraho sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga n'amatara.

Bimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe bigize plate y'ubuso bwa granite:

Uburinganire mu Gukomera;

Imiterere y'umutwaro iri ku rugero rwiza;

Ifata imitsi;

Byoroshye Gusukura;

Irwanya gupfunyika;

Ubwinshi bw'imyenge buri hasi;

Ntibitera uburyaryate;

Ntibikoresha magnetiki

Ibyiza by'Isahani yo hejuru ya Granite

Ubwa mbere, ibuye nyuma y'igihe kirekire rimaze rishaje, imiterere imwe, igipimo gito cy'umubare, umuvuduko w'imbere urashira burundu, ntabwo uhinduka, bityo ubuziranenge bukaba buri hejuru.

Icya kabiri, nta gushwanyagurika kuzabaho, atari mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buhoraho, ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba nabyo bishobora gukomeza uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe neza.

Icya gatatu, si ugupima ibintu, gupima bishobora kuba kugenda neza, nta kumva ko hari icyo bitwaye, nta ngaruka z'ubushuhe, imiterere y'ikirere iba ihamye.

Icya kane, gukomera ni kwiza, ubukana ni bwinshi, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ni bwinshi.

Eshanu, ntabwoba aside, isuri y'amazi ya alkaline, ntabwo izagwa ingese, ntabwo igomba gusiga irangi mu mavuta, ntabwo byoroshye gufata ivumbi rito, kuyibungabunga, byoroshye kuyibungabunga, imara igihe kirekire.

Kuki wahitamo ishingiro rya granite aho guhitamo imashini zikoresha icyuma?

1. Imashini zishushanyijeho ibara ry'umukara zishobora kugumana ubuziranenge buhanitse kurusha imashini zishushanyijeho ibara ry'umukara. Imashini zishushanyijeho ibara ry'umukara rishobora kwangizwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ariko imashini zishushanyijeho ibara ry'umukara ntizibikora;

2. Ifite ingano imwe y'imashini za granite n'ishingiro ry'icyuma gishongeshejwe, ishingiro ry'imashini za granite rirahendutse kurusha iry'icyuma gishongeshejwe;

3. Imashini zikozwe mu ibumba ryihariye rya granite biroroshye kurangiza kurusha imashini zikozwe mu ibumba.

Amasahani yo ku buso bwa granite ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi muri laboratwari zo kugenzura hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ubuso bw'ubuso bupimwe kandi burambuye cyane butuma abagenzuzi babukoresha nk'ishingiro ryo kugenzura ibice no kugenzura ibikoresho. Hatabayeho ubusugire butangwa n'amasahani yo ku buso, ibice byinshi byihanganirwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuvuzi byaba bigoye cyane, cyangwa se bidashoboka, kubikora neza. Birumvikana ko gukoresha agace k'ubuso bwa granite mu gupima no kugenzura ibindi bikoresho n'ibikoresho, ukuri kwa granite ubwayo bigomba gusuzumwa. Abakoresha bashobora gupima urwego rw'ubuso bwa granite kugira ngo barebe ko ari ubuziranenge.

Sukura isahani y'ubuso bwa granite mbere yo kuyipima. Suka agace gato k'isabune y'ubuso ku gitambaro gisukuye kandi cyoroshye hanyuma uhanagure ubuso bwa granite. Wumishe ako kanya isabune y'ubuso ukoresheje igitambaro cyumye. Ntureke amazi yo gusukura yumuke mu kirere.

Shyira igipimo cyo gupima gisubiramo hagati ku gice cy'ubuso bwa granite.

Subiza uburebure bw'igipimo cyo gupima gisubiramo hejuru y'isahani ya granite.

Subiza icyuma buhoro buhoro hejuru y'ibuye rya granite. Reba ikimenyetso cy'icyuma hanyuma wandike uburebure bw'impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu gihe urimo kwimura igikoresho hejuru y'isahani.

Gereranya ihinduka ry’ubugari ku buso bw’isahani n’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira isahani yawe, buhinduka bitewe n’ingano y’isahani n’urwego rw’ubugari bw’isahani. Reba ibisobanuro bya leta GGG-P-463c (reba Imfashanyigisho) kugira ngo umenye niba isahani yawe yujuje ibisabwa ku bugari n’urwego rwayo. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ingingo ndende ku isahani n’ingingo ntoya ku isahani ni uburyo ipima ubugari bwayo.

Genzura ko ubujyakuzimu bunini ku buso bw'ikibaho bunyura mu bipimo byo gusubiramo ku gikoresho cy'ikibaho kingana n'ubwo bunini n'urwego. Reba ibipimo bya leta GGG-P-463c (reba Imfashanyigisho) kugira ngo umenye niba igikoresho cyawe cyujuje ibisabwa byo gusubiramo ku bunini bwacyo. Kwanga igikoresho cyo hejuru niba n'inota rimwe ritabashije gusubirwamo.

Reka gukoresha plaque y'ubuso bwa granite itubahirije ibisabwa na leta. Gabiza plaque ku ruganda rwakoze cyangwa ku kigo gitanga plaque kugira ngo bloc ivugururwe neza kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa.

Inama

Kora isuzuma ryemewe nibura rimwe mu mwaka, nubwo amasafuriya y’ubuso bwa granite akoreshwa cyane agomba gupimwa kenshi.

Gupima ku mugaragaro kandi bishobora kwandikwa mu nganda cyangwa mu bugenzuzi akenshi bikorwa hifashishijwe ubwishingizi bw'ubuziranenge cyangwa umucuruzi wa serivisi zo gupima wo hanze, nubwo umuntu wese ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima busubiramo kugira ngo arebe neza plaque y'ubuso mbere yo kuyikoresha.

Amateka ya kera y'amasahani yo hejuru ya Granite

Mbere y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, abakora ibikoresho bakoresheje ibyuma bipima ibice. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, gukenera ibyuma byariyongereye cyane, kandi ibyuma byinshi bipima byose byarashongeshejwe. Hakenewe ibindi bisimbura, maze Granite iba ibikoresho byatoranyijwe cyane kubera imiterere yayo myiza y’ibipimo.

Ibyiza byinshi bya granite kuruta icyuma byaragaragaye. Granite irakomeye, nubwo irushaho kwangirika kandi ishobora gucikagurika. Ushobora kuyikora ku buryo irushaho kuba ndende kandi vuba kurusha icyuma. Granite ifite umwihariko wo kwaguka gake ugereranije n'icyuma. Byongeye kandi, niba icyuma gikeneye gusanwa, cyagombaga gukurwaho n'abanyabukorikori banakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo mu gusana ibikoresho by'imashini.

Nk'inyongera, hari amasahani amwe y'icyuma aracyakoreshwa na n'ubu.

Imiterere y'ibipimo by'amasahani ya Granite

Granite ni ibuye ry’umukara ryakozwe n’iruka ry’ibirunga. Ugereranije, marble ni limestone yahindutse. Mu ikoreshwa rya metrology, granite yatoranijwe igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa byihariye bivugwa muri Federal Specification GGG-P-463c, kuva ubu yitwa Fed Specs, cyane cyane Igice cya 3.1 3.1 Muri Fed Specs, granite igomba kuba ifite imiterere ntoya kugeza ku ngano iri hagati.

Granite ni ibikoresho bikomeye, ariko ubukana bwayo buratandukanye kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Umutekinisiye w'inararibonye mu bya granite ashobora gupima ubukana bwayo akurikije ibara ryayo, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ingano y'ingano yayo ya quartz. Ubukana bw'ingano ya granite ni umwihariko ugaragazwa n'ingano y'ingano ya quartz n'ibura rya mica. Granite itukura n'umutuku ikunze kuba ikomeye cyane, imvi ni ubukana buringaniye, naho iy'umukara ni yo yoroshye cyane.

Modulus ya Young yo Kurabagirana ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ubworoherane cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'ubukomere bw'ibuye. Granite y'umutuku ifite impuzandengo y'amanota 3-5 ku gipimo, imvi ifite amanota 5-7 naho umukara ufite amanota 7-10. Uko umubare ugenda muto, ni ko granite igenda ikomera. Uko umubare ugenda munini, granite yoroshye kandi yoroshye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ubukomere bwa Granite mugihe uhitamo ubunini busabwa kugira ngo ushobore kwihanganira ubunini n'uburemere bw'ibice n'ibipimo biyiriho.

Mu bihe bya kera ubwo habagaho abakora imashini nyabo, bazwi ku dutabo twabo twa trig table mu mifuka y'amashati yabo, granite y'umukara yafatwaga nk' "Iyiza kurusha izindi." Iyiza isobanurwa nk'ubwoko butuma idasaza cyangwa irushaho gukomera. Imbogamizi imwe ni uko granite ikomeye ikunda gucika cyangwa gucika byoroshye. Abakora imashini bari bemezaga cyane ko granite y'umukara ari yo nziza ku buryo bamwe mu bakora granite y'umutuku bayisigaga irangi ry'umukara.

Niboneye ubwanjye isahani yakuwe kuri forklift ubwo yavanwaga mu bubiko. Isahani yaguye hasi icikamo kabiri igaragaza ibara ry'umutuku nyakuri. Witondere niba uteganya kugura granite y'umukara mu Bushinwa. Turakugira inama yo gupfusha ubusa amafaranga yawe mu bundi buryo. Isahani ya granite ishobora gutandukana mu bukonje bwayo. Umurongo wa quartz ushobora gukomera cyane kurusha indi sahani y'ubuso. Urupapuro rwa gabbro y'umukara rushobora gutuma agace koroha cyane. Abahanga mu gusana isahani y'ubuso bahuguwe neza kandi bafite uburambe bazi uburyo bwo gufata utu duce tworoshye.

Ingano z'ibice by'ubuso

Hari ibyiciro bine by'amasashe yo hejuru. AA na A byo muri laboratwari, Icyumba cyo kugenzura Icyiciro B, naho icya kane ni Icyumba cyo kugenzura Icyiciro. AA na A byo muri urwo rwego ni byo bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubugari burenze 0.00001 kuri plaque ya AA yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibyiciro byo muri Workshop ni byo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mu byumba by'ibikoresho. Mu gihe AA, A na B byo muri urwo rwego bikoreshwa muri laboratwari igenzura cyangwa igenzura ubuziranenge.

PIsuzuma rya roper ku bijyanye no gupima plati y'ubuso

Nahoraga mbwira abakiriya banjye ko nshobora gukura umwana w’imyaka 10 mu itorero ryanjye nkamwigisha mu minsi mike gusa uburyo bwo kugerageza isahani. Ntabwo bigoye. Bisaba ubuhanga kugira ngo ukore akazi vuba, ubuhanga umuntu yiga mu gihe runaka no gusubiramo kenshi. Nagira ngo mbamenyeshe, kandi sinshobora gushimangira bihagije, Fed Spec GGG-P-463c SI inzira yo gupima! Ibindi bizakurikiraho nyuma.

Gupima ubugari bw'imodoka (Mean Pane) no kugenzura uko imodoka zigenda zisubira (kwambara mu buryo bwa localized) ni ngombwa Dukurikije imiterere ya Fed. Itandukaniro ryonyine kuri ibi ni uko imodoka nto zigenda zisubiramo imodoka gusa.

Ikindi kandi, kimwe n'ibindi bizamini by'ingenzi, ni ikizamini cyo kugereranya ubushyuhe. (Reba Delta T hepfo)

Igishushanyo cya 1

Gupima Ubugari bufite uburyo 4 bwemewe. Ingano z'ikoranabuhanga, autocollimation, laser n'igikoresho kizwi nka plane locator. Dukoresha gusa ingero z'ikoranabuhanga kuko ari bwo buryo bwiza kandi bwihuse kubera impamvu nyinshi.

Imashini zikoresha imirasire ya lazeri na autocollimators zikoresha urumuri rugororotse cyane nk'icyitegererezo. Umuntu apima ubuziranenge bw'ikibaho cy'ubuso bwa granite agereranya intera iri hagati y'ikibaho cy'ubuso n'urumuri. Mu gufata urumuri rugororotse, akarukubita ku kintu kigarura urumuri mu gihe yimura ikintu kigarura urumuri mu gice cy'ubuso, intera iri hagati y'umuraba usohoka n'umuraba ugaruka ni igipimo cy'ubuziranenge.

Dore ikibazo kiri muri ubu buryo. Intego n'isoko bigirwaho ingaruka n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, intego idakomeye cyangwa yacitse, kwanduzwa mu kirere, n'ingendo z'umwuka (imigezi). Ibi byose bigira uruhare mu bindi bice by'ikosa. Byongeye kandi, uruhare rw'ikosa ry'umukoresha riva mu kugenzura hakoreshejwe autocollimator ni rwinshi.

Umuntu ufite uburambe mu gukoresha autocollimator ashobora gupima neza cyane ariko agakomeza guhura n'ibibazo byo guhindagurika kw'ibipimo cyane cyane iyo ari kure cyane kuko urumuri rukunda kwaguka cyangwa rukabura gato. Nanone, intego idahamye neza ndetse n'umunsi muremure wo kureba mu jisho bitera andi makosa.

Igikoresho cyo kumenya aho indege iherereye ni ubupfapfa gusa. Iki gikoresho gikoresha urumuri rugororotse (ugereranije n'urumuri rwa collimated cyangwa laser) nk'icyitegererezo cyacyo. Ntabwo igikoresho cya mekanike gikoresha gusa ikimenyetso gisanzwe gifite santimetero 20 gusa, ahubwo no kutagororoka kw'umurongo n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byongera amakosa mu gupima. Dukurikije uko tubibona, nubwo uburyo bwemewe, nta laboratwari ibifitiye ubushobozi yakoresha igikoresho cyo kumenya aho indege iherereye nk'igikoresho cya nyuma cyo kugenzura.

Ibipimo bya elegitoroniki bikoresha imbaraga rukuruzi nk'aho ari byo bireba. Ibipimo bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki ntibigira ingaruka ku guhindagurika. Bifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura kugeza kuri segonda ya .1 arc kandi ibipimo ni byihuse, ni ukuri kandi nta ngaruka nyinshi z'amakosa ziva ku mukozi w'inararibonye. Ibipimo bya Plane Locators cyangwa autocollimators nta na kimwe gitanga imiterere y'ubutaka yakozwe na mudasobwa (Ishusho ya 1) cyangwa imiterere ya isometric (Ishusho ya 2) y'ubuso.

Igishushanyo cya 2

Ikizamini cy'ubuso gikwiye

Ikizamini cy’ubuso gikwiye ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’iyi nyandiko nagombaga kuba naragishyize ku ntangiriro. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, Fed Spec. GGG-p-463c SI uburyo bwo gupima. Ikora nk'ubuyobozi ku bintu byinshi bya granite yo mu rwego rwa metrology, umuguzi wayo akaba ari Ikigo cya Leta, kandi ibyo birimo uburyo bwo gupima no kwihanganira cyangwa amanota. Niba rwiyemezamirimo avuga ko yubahiriza Fed Specs, agaciro k’ubuso kagenwa na Moody Method.

Moody yari umuntu wo mu myaka ya za 50 wateguye uburyo bw'imibare kugira ngo amenye neza ko imirongo yose igororotse kandi arebe aho igera, niba yegeranye bihagije mu murongo umwe. Nta cyahindutse. Allied Signal yagerageje kunoza uburyo bw'imibare ariko yanzuye ko itandukaniro ryari rito cyane ku buryo ritari rikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga.

Iyo rwiyemezamirimo ukoresha icyuma gipima ikirere (surface plate) akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki cyangwa laser, akoresha mudasobwa kugira ngo imufashe mu kubara. Nta bufasha bwa mudasobwa, umutekinisiye ukoresha autocollimation agomba kubara ingano y'ibipimo akoresheje intoki. Mu by'ukuri, ntabwo ari byo. Bifata igihe kirekire kandi mu by'ukuri bishobora kugorana cyane. Mu isuzuma ry'imiterere y'ikintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Moody Method, umutekinisiye agerageza imirongo umunani mu buryo bwa Union Jack kugira ngo arebe niba ibintu bigororotse.

Uburyo bwa Moody

Uburyo bwa Moody ni uburyo bwa mibare bwo kumenya niba imirongo umunani iri ku murongo umwe. Bitabaye ibyo, ufite imirongo 8 igororotse ishobora kuba iri ku murongo umwe cyangwa hafi yawo. Byongeye kandi, rwiyemezamirimo uvuga ko akurikiza Fed Spec, kandi agakoresha autocollimation,ugombagukora impapuro umunani z'amakuru. Urupapuro rumwe kuri buri murongo rwagenzuwe kugira ngo rwemeze igeragezwa rye, gusana, cyangwa byombi. Bitabaye ibyo, rwiyemezamirimo ntazi agaciro nyako k'ubugari bw'aho ibintu biherereye.

Ndahamya ko niba uri umwe mu batunganya plaque zawe hakoreshejwe autocollimation, ntabwo wigeze ubona izo mpapuro! Ishusho ya 3 ni icyitegererezo cyakimwe gusaipaji ya munani ikenewe kugira ngo ubare ubugari rusange. Kimwe mu bigaragaza ubwo bujiji n'ubugome ni uko raporo yawe ifite imibare myiza. Urugero, 200, 400, 650, nibindi. Agaciro kabazwe neza ni umubare nyakuri. Urugero, 325.4 u In. Iyo rwiyemezamirimo akoresha uburyo bwa Moody bwo kubara, kandi umutekinisiye akabara agaciro n'intoki, ugomba kwakira impapuro umunani z'imibare n'igishushanyo cya isometric. Igishushanyo cya isometric kigaragaza uburebure butandukanye ku mirongo itandukanye n'intera itandukanya ingingo zatoranijwe.

Igishushanyo cya 3(Bisaba amapaji umunani nk'aya kugira ngo ubare ubugari n'intoki. Menya neza ko ubaza impamvu utabona ibi niba rwiyemezamirimo wawe akoresha autocollimation!)

Ishusho ya 4

Abatekinisiye ba Dimensional Gauge bakoresha urwego rutandukanye (Ishusho ya 4) nk'ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu gupima impinduka z'iminota mu mpande kuva kuri sitasiyo yo gupimisha kugera kuri sitasiyo. Urwego rufite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuvuduko kugeza ku masegonda 0.1 arc (5 u Inches ukoresheje sled ya 4″) ruhamye cyane, ntirugira ingaruka ku guhindagura, intera yapimwe, imirasire y'umwuka, umunaniro w'umukoresha, kwandura k'umwuka cyangwa ibindi bibazo biri mu bindi bikoresho. Ongeraho ubufasha bwa mudasobwa, maze akazi kaba vuba, gatanga imiterere y'ubutaka n'iy'isometric bigaragaza ko ari byo byemewe kandi cyane cyane ko ari byo bisana.

Ikizamini Gikwiye cyo Gusubiramo

Gusubiramo gusoma cyangwa gusubiramo ni cyo kizamini cy'ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho dukoresha mu gukora ikizamini cyo gusubiramo ni ibikoresho byo gusoma bisubiramo, LVDT na amplifier bikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza. Dushyira amplifier ya LVDT ku rugero ruto rwa santimetero 10 cyangwa santimetero 5 kugira ngo hamenyekane neza cyane.

Gukoresha ikimenyetso cya mekanike gifite ubushobozi bwa santimetero 20 gusa ntacyo bimaze niba ugerageza gupima ko ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwa santimetero 35 bushoboka. Ibipimo bifite ubushobozi bwo kudasobanukirwa neza bwa santimetero 40! Uburyo bwo gusubiramo bugaragaza imiterere y'uburebure/igice.

Gusubiramo ibintu SI kimwe no kuba ahantu harambuye muri rusange (Mean Plane). Nkunda gutekereza ko gusubiramo ibintu muri granite bifatwa nk'igipimo gihoraho cya radius.

Igishushanyo cya 5

Iyo ugerageje gupima ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo umupira w’uruziga, uba werekanye ko umurambararo w’umupira utarahinduka. (Imiterere myiza y’isahani yasanwe neza ifite imiterere y’ikamba rinini.) Ariko, biragaragara ko umupira utari ugororotse. Yego, ni nk'aho. Ku ntera ngufi cyane, uba uri ugororotse. Kubera ko akazi kenshi ko kugenzura gasaba gupima uburebure hafi cyane y’igice, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo buba umwihariko w’isahani ya granite. Ni ngombwa cyane ko uba uri ugororotse muri rusange keretse umukoresha areba uburyo igice kirekire kigororotse.

Menya neza ko rwiyemezamirimo wawe akora ikizamini cyo gusubiramo gusoma. Isahani ishobora gusubiramo gusoma cyane kubera ko itabyihanganira ariko igatsinda ikizamini cyo gusubiramo! Igitangaje ni uko laboratwari ishobora kubona icyemezo mu ikizamini kitarimo ikizamini cyo gusubiramo gusoma. Laboratwari idashobora gusana cyangwa idashoboye gusana ikunda gukora ikizamini cyo gusubiramo gusa. Ubugari burahinduka gake keretse wimuye isahani.

Gusubiramo isuzuma ni byo byoroshye kugerageza ariko bigoye cyane kugeraho iyo ukoze isuzuma. Menya neza ko rwiyemezamirimo wawe ashobora gusubiza ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo adakoresheje "gusiba" ubuso cyangwa ngo asige imiraba ku buso.

Ikizamini cya Delta T

Iki kizamini kigamije gupima ubushyuhe NYAKURI bw'ibuye hejuru no hasi no kubara itandukaniro, Delta T, kugira ngo hamenyekane icyemezo.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo mpuzandengo cy'ubushyuhe muri granite ari 3.5 uIn/Inchi/dogere. Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ku isahani ya granite ni nto cyane. Ariko, isahani yo hejuru ishobora kunanirwa kwihanganira cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ikazamuka nubwo yaba iri kuri dogere 0.3 – 0.5 F Delta T. Ni ngombwa kumenya niba Delta T iri muri dogere 0.12 F ugereranyije n'aho itandukaniro riri hagati y'aho ryakorewe ubuziranenge bwa nyuma.

Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko ubuso bw'aho ibyuma bikorera bujya mu bushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushyushye kurusha ubwo hasi, ubwo hejuru burazamuka. Iyo hasi hashyushye, ibyo bikaba bidakunze kubaho, ubwo hejuru buramanuka. Ntabwo bihagije ko umuyobozi w'ubuziranenge cyangwa umutekinisiye amenya ko ibyuma ari bito kandi bishobora gusubirwamo mu gihe cyo kubitunganya cyangwa kubisana, ahubwo ni uko Delta T yari imeze mu gihe cyo kubitunganya bwa nyuma. Mu bihe bikomeye, umukoresha ashobora, akoresheje gupima Delta T ubwe, kumenya niba ibyuma byatakaye bitewe gusa n'impinduka za Delta T. Ku bw'amahirwe, granite ifata amasaha menshi cyangwa iminsi myinshi kugira ngo imenyere ibidukikije. Ihindagurika rito ry'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere umunsi wose ntabwo rizagira ingaruka. Kubera izo mpamvu, ntabwo tuvuga ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere cyangwa ubushuhe kuko ingaruka zabyo ari nke cyane.

Imyenda ya Granite

Nubwo granite ikomeye kurusha amasahani y'icyuma, granite iracyagira utudomo duto ku buso. Gusubiramo ibice n'ibipimo ku buso ni byo bituma ibintu bishira, cyane cyane iyo ahantu hamwe hahora hakoreshwa. Umwanda n'umukungugu wo gusya byemerewe kuguma ku buso bw'isahani byihutisha uburyo bwo gusaza uko bigenda hagati y'ibice cyangwa ibipimo n'ubuso bw'isahani. Iyo wimuye ibice n'ibipimo ku buso bwayo, umukungugu woroshye ni wo utera kwangirika kwinshi. Nasabye cyane ko habaho isuku ihoraho kugira ngo tugabanye kwangirika. Twabonye kwangirika ku masahani guterwa no kohereza buri munsi UPS package hejuru y'amasahani! Utwo duce duherereyemo twangirika bigira ingaruka ku bipimo byo gusubiramo ikizamini. Irinde kwangirika uhora usukura.

Gusukura amasahani ya granite

Kugira ngo isahani ikomeze gusukurwa, koresha agatambaro gafata ifu kugira ngo ukureho imyanda. Kanda gato cyane, kugira ngo udasiga ibisigazwa bya kole. Agatambaro gafata ifu kakoreshejwe neza gakora akazi keza ko gukuramo umukungugu usya hagati yo gusukura. Ntugakorere ahantu hamwe. Hindura imiterere yawe ku isahani, ukwirakwize aho ishaje. Nta kibazo gukoresha inzoga mu gusukura isahani, ariko menya ko kubikora bizakonjesha ubuso by'igihe gito. Amazi arimo isabune nke ni meza cyane. Imashini zisukura ziboneka ku isoko nka Starrett's cleaner nazo ni nziza kuzikoresha, ariko menya neza ko wakuye ibisigazwa byose by'isabune ku buso.

Gusana plaque za granite

Bigomba kuba bigaragara ko ari ngombwa kwemeza ko rwiyemezamirimo wawe wakoze porogaramu yo gupima neza imiterere y'aho hantu (surface plate) ashoboye. Laboratwari zo mu bwoko bwa "Clearing House" zitanga porogaramu za "Do it all with one call" ni gake zigira umutekinisiye ushobora gusana. Nubwo batanga serivisi zo gusana, ntabwo buri gihe baba bafite umutekinisiye ufite uburambe bukenewe iyo plate y'aho hantu idafite ubushobozi bwo kuyisana.

Niba wabwiwe ko isahani idashobora gusanwa kubera kwangirika gukabije, duhamagare. Birashoboka cyane ko dushobora kuyisana.

Abatekinisiye bacu bakora imyitozo y'umwaka umwe kugeza ku mwaka n'igice munsi y'umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga. Dusobanura umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga nk'umuntu warangije imyitozo ye kandi afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga icumi mu bijyanye no gupima no gusana Surface Plate. Muri Dimensional Gauge dufite abahanga batatu mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga bafite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 60 hamwe. Umwe mu batekinisiye bacu mu by'ubuhanga arahari igihe cyose kugira ngo agufashe kandi akuyobore mu gihe habaye ibibazo bikomeye. Abatekinisiye bacu bose bafite uburambe mu gupima surface plate z'ingano zose, kuva ku nto kugeza ku nini cyane, ibidukikije bitandukanye, inganda zitandukanye, no mu bibazo bikomeye byo kwangirika.

Fed Specs ifite ibisabwa byihariye byo kurangiza hagati ya 16 na 64 Average Arithmetic Noughness (AA). Dukunda kurangiza hagati ya 30-35 AA. Hariho ubukana buhagije bwo kwemeza ko ibice n'ibipimo bigenda neza kandi ntibifatanye cyangwa ngo bihunge ku gice cyo hejuru.

Iyo dusana, tugenzura neza aho plaque ishyirwa n’aho iri. Dukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza amazi, ariko mu gihe habayeho kwangirika gukabije bisaba gukuraho granite nyinshi, dutose amazi ku mpande. Abatekinisiye bacu basukura neza, bakora akazi kabo neza, vuba kandi neza. Ibyo ni ingenzi kuko ikiguzi cya serivisi ya granite plaque gikubiyemo igihe cyo kuruhuka no gutakaza umusaruro. Gusana neza ni ingenzi cyane, kandi ntugomba guhitamo rwiyemezamirimo bitewe n’igiciro cyangwa uburyo bworoshye. Akazi kamwe ko gupima gasaba abantu babishoboye cyane. Turabifite.

Raporo za nyuma zo gukosora

Kuri buri sano no gupima plaque y'ubuso, dutanga raporo zirambuye z'umwuga. Raporo zacu zikubiyemo amakuru menshi y'ingenzi n'ay'ingenzi. Fed Spec. isaba amakuru menshi twatanze. Uretse akubiye mu yandi mahame y'ubuziranenge nka ISO/IEC-17025, niyo Fed ntarengwa. Ibisobanuro bya raporo ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Ingano muri Ft. (X' x X')

1. Ibara
2. Imiterere (Bivuga ko nta migozi ihambiriye cyangwa imigozi ibiri cyangwa ine)
3. Ingano y'Uburebure bw'Uburyo Igereranyijwe
4. Ubwihangane bw'Ingano (Bugenwa n'Ingano/Ubunini)
5. Gusubiramo gusoma Ukwihanganira (Bigenwa n'uburebure bw'umurongo ugororotse muri santimetero)
6. Igipimo cy'indege nkuko cyabonetse
7. Igipimo cy'indege ibumoso
8. Subiramo gusoma uko byabonetse
9. Subiramo gusoma nk'uko byahoze ibumoso
10. Delta T (Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi)

Niba umutekinisiye akeneye gukora imirimo yo gusana cyangwa gusana igice cy’ubutaka, icyemezo cy’uko gikoreshwa kijyana n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubutaka cyangwa isometric kugira ngo cyemeze ko ari igikorwa cyemewe.

Ijambo rijyanye n'Ibyemezo bya ISO/IEC-17025 n'amabarabu abifite

Kuba laboratwari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imiterere y’aho ibintu biherereye ntibisobanura ko izi icyo ikora cyane cyane kuyikora neza! Nta n'ubwo bivuze ko laboratwari ishobora gusana. Inzego zemewe ntizitandukanya kugenzura cyangwa gusana.Akandi nzi kimwe, wenda2kwemeza inzego zizatangaLkaravateAUmushumi ukikije imbwa yanjye niba nayishyuye amafaranga ahagije! Ni ikintu kibabaje. Nabonye laboratwari zibona uburenganzira bwo gukora kimwe gusa mu bizamini bitatu bisabwa. Byongeye kandi, nabonye laboratwari zibona uburenganzira bwo gukora ibintu bidasobanutse neza kandi zibona uburenganzira nta gihamya cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'uko zabaruye agaciro. Byose birababaje.

Incamake

Ntushobora gupfobya uruhare rw'amasahani ya granite atunganye. Ishingiro ry'amasahani ya granite ni ryo shingiro ushingiraho mu gupima ibindi byose.

Ushobora gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho, by’ukuri kandi bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima. Ariko, gupima neza biragoye kumenya niba ubuso bw’aho uherereye butari bugari. Igihe kimwe, hari umukiriya wanjye wambwiye ati “ni ibuye gusa!” Igisubizo cyanjye cyaravuze kiti “Nibyo, uvuze ukuri, kandi ntabwo ushobora kwemeza ko abahanga baza kugukorera ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ubuso bwawe.”

Igiciro ntabwo ari impamvu nziza yo guhitamo abakora plaque zo hejuru. Abaguzi, abacungamari n'abandi bahanga benshi bateye ubwoba ntibahora bumva ko kongera gushyira plaque za granite mu buryo bushya atari nko kongera gushyira plaque muri micrometer, caliper cyangwa DMM.

Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubuhanga, ntabwo ari igiciro gito. Nyuma yo kuvuga ibyo, ibiciro byacu biri hasi cyane. Cyane cyane kugira ngo twizere ko dukora akazi neza. Turenze kure ibisabwa na ISO-17025 na Federal Specifications mu gaciro k’inyongera.

Precision Granite Base ishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho by'imashini

Ibisabwa bikomeje kwiyongera mu buhanga bwa mekanike muri rusange no mu bwubatsi bw'ibikoresho by'imashini. Kugera ku gaciro kanini n'imikorere nta kongera ikiguzi ni imbogamizi zihoraho zo guhangana. Igikoresho cy'imashini ni ikintu cy'ingenzi hano. Kubwibyo, abakora ibikoresho by'imashini benshi bishingikiriza kuri granite. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo, itanga ibyiza bisobanutse neza bitagerwaho hakoreshejwe icyuma cyangwa beto ya polymer.

Granite ni ibuye ryihariye ry’ibirunga kandi rifite imiterere ikomeye cyane kandi ingana, rifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwaguka, ubushyuhe buke ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi.

Hasi uzavumbura impamvu igitekerezo gisanzwe kivuga ko granite ikwiriye gusa nk'imashini zipima imashini zipima ibintu bigezweho kimaze igihe kirekire, n'impamvu iki gikoresho karemano nk'imashini ari igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyane kuruta icyuma cyangwa icyuma cyashongeshejwe ndetse no ku bikoresho by'imashini bifite ubuhanga buhanitse.

Dushobora gukora ibice bya granite byo gutwara ibintu bihindagurika, ibice bya granite byo gutwara moteri zigororotse, ibice bya granite byo gutwara ndt, ibice bya granite byo gutwara xray, ibice bya granite byo gutwara cmm, ibice bya granite byo gutwara cnc, ubuziranenge bwa granite bwo gutwara laser, ibice bya granite byo gutwara indege, ibice bya granite byo gutwara ibice by'ubuziranenge ...

Agaciro k'inyongera kari hejuru nta kiguzi cy'inyongera
Gukoresha granite mu buhanga bwa mekanike bikomeje kwiyongera cyane, ntabwo biterwa cyane n’izamuka rikomeye ry’igiciro cy’icyuma. Ahubwo, ni ukubera ko agaciro k’igikoresho cy’imashini kaboneka hakoreshejwe imashini ikoze muri granite gashoboka ku giciro gito cyane cyangwa nta kindi giciro cy’inyongera. Ibi bigaragazwa n’igereranya ry’ibiciro by’inganda zizwi cyane mu Budage no mu Burayi.

Inyungu nini mu guhagarara neza kwa thermodynamic, kudakomeza guhindagurika kw'ingufu no gukora neza igihe kirekire hakoreshejwe granite ntibishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa icyuma, cyangwa ku giciro gito cyane. Urugero, amakosa y'ubushyuhe ashobora kuba agera kuri 75% by'ikosa ryose ry'imashini, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kwishyura bukunze kugeragezwa na porogaramu - kandi bigatsinda neza. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe buke, granite ni ishingiro ryiza ryo gukora neza igihe kirekire.

Iyo ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira 1 μm, granite yujuje byoroshye ibisabwa kugira ngo ibe ndende nk'uko biteganywa na DIN 876 ku gipimo cy'ubuziranenge 00. Iyo ifite agaciro ka 6 ku gipimo cy'ubukana kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 10, irakomeye cyane, kandi kubera uburemere bwayo bwa 2.8g/cm³ hafi kugera ku gaciro ka aluminiyumu. Ibi kandi bitanga inyungu z'inyongera nko kwiyongera kw'ibiryo, kwihuta cyane kw'imirongo no kongera igihe cy'ibikoresho byo gukata ibikoresho by'imashini. Bityo, guhinduka kuva ku gitanda cy'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye mu bijyanye n'ubuziranenge n'imikorere - nta kiguzi cy'inyongera.

Inzira nziza y'ibidukikije ya Granite
Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho nk'icyuma cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe, amabuye karemano ntabwo agomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi no gukoresha inyongeramusaruro. Ingufu nke cyane ni zo zikenewe mu gucukura amabuye no gutunganya ubuso. Ibi bituma habaho ibidukikije byiza cyane, ndetse no mu gihe cy'irangira ry'imashini nk'ibikoresho. Igitanda cya granite gishobora kuba ishingiro ry'imashini nshya cyangwa kigakoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye cyane nko gukata imihanda.

Nta n'ibura ry'umutungo wa granite. Ni ibuye rinini ryakozwe muri magma mu gice cy'isi. Rimaze imyaka miliyoni rikura kandi riboneka ku bwinshi cyane nk'umutungo kamere hafi ya wose ku migabane, harimo n'i Burayi bwose.

Umwanzuro: Ibyiza byinshi bigaragara bya granite ugereranije n'icyuma cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe bigaragaza ubushake bw'abahanga mu by'imashini bwo gukoresha ibi bikoresho karemano nk'ishingiro ry'ibikoresho by'imashini bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru kandi binoze. Amakuru arambuye ku miterere ya granite, ifite akamaro ku bikoresho by'imashini no mu by'imashini, aboneka muri iyi nkuru ikurikira.

Gupima bisubirwamo ni ugupima ahantu hagari hagari. Ibisobanuro bya Repeat Measurement bivuga ko igipimo gifatiwe ahantu hose ku buso bw'isahani kizasubira mu buryo bwavuzwe. Kugenzura ubugari bw'aho hantu hagari kurusha ubugari muri rusange byemeza impinduka buhoro buhoro mu miterere y'ubugari bw'aho hantu, bityo bigagabanya amakosa yo mu gace.

Inganda nyinshi, harimo n'ibirango bitumizwa mu mahanga, zubahiriza amabwiriza ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yerekeye ubushobozi bwo gupima ibintu byose ariko nyinshi zirengagiza uburyo bwo gupima ibintu. Ibyuma byinshi bifite agaciro gake cyangwa biciriritse biboneka ku isoko muri iki gihe ntabwo byemeza ko bipimwa ibintu bisubirwamo. Uruganda rudahamya ko bipimwa ibintu bisubirwamo NTABWO ruba rukora amabyuma yujuje ibisabwa na ASME B89.3.7-2013 cyangwa Amasezerano ya Leta GGG-P-463c, cyangwa DIN 876, GB, JJS...

Byombi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubuso kugira ngo hapimwe neza. Ibipimo by'ubugari bwonyine ntibihagije kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubugari. Dufate urugero, icyuma cy'ubuso cya 36 X 48 Inspection Grade A, cyujuje gusa ibipimo by'ubugari bwa .000300". Niba igice kirimo gusuzumwa gihuza imisozi myinshi, kandi icyuma kirimo gukoreshwa kiri ahantu hato, ikosa ryo gupima rishobora kuba ubushobozi bwose bwo kwihanganira ahantu hamwe, 000300"! Mu by'ukuri, gishobora kuba kinini cyane niba icyuma kiri ku ruhande rw'aho hateganye.

Amakosa ya .000600"-.000800" arashoboka, bitewe n'uburemere bw'aho uburebure buherereye, n'uburebure bw'ukuboko kw'igipimo gikoreshwa. Iyo iyi plaque iba ifite ibipimo byo gupima inshuro .000050" FIR, ikosa ryo gupima ryaba riri munsi ya .000050" hatitawe aho igipimo gifatirwa ku plaque. Ikindi kibazo, gikunze kuvuka iyo umutekinisiye utarize agerageje kongera gushyira ku plaque aho iherereye, ni ugukoresha Ibipimo byo gupima inshuro 1 gusa kugira ngo yemeze plaque.

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kugenzura ko bisubirwamo ntabwo byagenewe kugenzura ko birambuye. Iyo bishyizwe kuri zeru ku buso bugororotse neza, bizakomeza gusoma zeru, byaba ari ubuso burambuye cyangwa butoshye neza cyangwa butoshye neza 1/2"! Bigenzura gusa ko ubuso bungana, ntabwo ari ubutoshye. Icyapa cyujuje ibisabwa byombi by’ubutoshye ndetse n’ibipimo byo gupima bisubirwamo byujuje ibisabwa na ASME B89.3.7-2013 cyangwa Federal Specification GGG-P-463c.

Ask us about or flatness specification and repeat measurement promise by calling +86 19969991659 or emailing INFO@ZHHIMG.COM

Yego, ariko bishobora kwemezwa gusa ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe gihagaze. Ingaruka zo kwaguka k’ubushyuhe ku isahani zishobora gutuma habaho impinduka mu buryo bufatika kurusha uko umuntu abyihanganira iyo habayeho impinduka mu gipimo. Hari igihe, iyo ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu buhagije, ubushyuhe buturuka ku matara yo hejuru bushobora gutuma habaho impinduka mu gipimo mu masaha menshi.

Granite ifite igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cya santimetero 0.0000035 kuri santimetero 1 kuri 1°F. Urugero: Isahani y’ubuso ya 36" x 48" x 8" ifite ubuziranenge bwa 0.000075" (1/2 cya Grade AA) ku gipimo cya 0°F, hejuru no hepfo ni ubushyuhe bumwe. Iyo hejuru y’isahani ishyushye kugeza aho ishyushye kuri 1°F kurusha hepfo, ubuziranenge bwahinduka bukagera kuri 0.000275" ipfundikiye! Kubwibyo, gutumiza isahani ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kurusha Laboratwari Grade AA bigomba kwitabwaho gusa iyo hari uburyo buhagije bwo kugenzura ikirere.

Isahani yo hejuru igomba gushyigikirwa ku ngingo 3, byaba byiza ishyizwe ku 20% by'uburebure uvuye ku mpera z'isahani. Ibishyigikizo bibiri bigomba gushyirwa ku 20% by'ubugari uvuye ku mpande ndende, naho ibisigaye bishyigikirwe hagati. Ingingo 3 gusa ni zo zishobora guhagarara neza ku kindi kintu kitari ubuso buto.

Icyapa kigomba gushyigikirwa kuri izi ngingo mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi kigomba gushyigikirwa gusa kuri izi ngingo eshatu mu gihe kiri gukoreshwa. Kugerageza gushyigikira icyapa ku ngingo zirenze eshatu bizatuma icyapa kibona inkunga yacyo iturutse ku mpande eshatu zitandukanye, zitazaba ari ingingo eshatu zashingiweho mu gihe cyo gukora. Ibi bizazana amakosa mu gihe icyapa kigenda gihinduka kugira ngo gihuze n'uburyo bushya bwo gushyigikira. Ibikoresho byose by'icyuma bya zhhimg bifite imiyoboro y'inkunga igenewe guhuza n'ingingo zikwiye zo gushyigikira.

Iyo platine ishyigikiwe neza, kuyipima neza ni ngombwa gusa iyo ukoresheje platine ubisabye. Kuyipima si ngombwa kugira ngo platine ishyigikiwe neza ikomeze kuba nziza.

Impamvu yo guhitamo Granite kuriIbikoresho by'imashininaIbice bya Metrology?

Igisubizo ni 'yego' kuri buri kintu cyose gikoreshwa. Ibyiza bya granite birimo: Nta ngese cyangwa ingese, hafi ya zose ntizishobora kugorama, nta ruhu rw'inyuma rushobora kugabanya igihe rumaze, rumara igihe kirekire, rukora neza, rufite ubuziranenge bwinshi, nta bushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi, nta bushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwaguka, kandi nta kiguzi cyo kuyibungabunga kiri hasi.

Granite ni ubwoko bw'amabuye acukurwa mu butaka kubera imbaraga zayo zidasanzwe, ubucucike bwayo, kuramba kwayo, no kurwanya ingese. Ariko granite nayo irakora cyane - si iya kare na mpandeshatu gusa! Mu by'ukuri, Starrett Tru-Stone ikorana neza n'ibice bya granite byakozwe mu miterere, inguni, n'imirongo y'impinduka zose buri gihe - kandi umusaruro wayo ni mwiza cyane.

Binyuze mu gutunganya ibintu bigezweho, ubuso buciwe bushobora kuba burambuye cyane. Iyi miterere ituma granite iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukora imashini zikozwe mu bunini bwihariye kandi zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye hamwe n'ibice bya metrology. Granite ni:

ikoreshwa mu mashini
neza neza iyo uciwe kandi urangije
irwanya ingese
biramba
biramba
Ibikoresho bya granite nabyo biroroshye kubisukura. Mu gihe utegura imiterere yihariye, menya neza ko uhisemo granite kubera inyungu zayo nziza.

AMAHAME/ IBIKORESHO BYO KWAMBARA CYANE
Granite ikoreshwa na ZhongHui mu bikoresho byacu bisanzwe byo hejuru ifite quartz nyinshi, bigatuma idashira cyangwa ngo yangirike. Amabara yacu y'umukara n'umutuku wijimye cyane afite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi make, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gupima neza ingese mu gihe ushyiraho ku masahani. Amabara ya granite atangwa na ZhongHui atuma urumuri rugabanuka, bivuze ko amaso y'abantu bakoresha amasahani aba make. Twahisemo ubwoko bwacu bwa granite mu gihe dutekereza ku kwaguka k'ubushyuhe mu rwego rwo gukomeza kugira iki gice gito.

ISABWA ZIGENEWE
Iyo porogaramu yawe isaba icyuma gifite imiterere yihariye, ibikoresho bikozwe mu ikoranabuhanga, imigozi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukora, uzakenera guhitamo ibikoresho nka Black Diabase. Ibi bikoresho karemano bitanga ubukana buhebuje, uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora.

Yego, niba zitarashaje cyane. Imiterere y'uruganda rwacu n'ibikoresho byacu bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gupima neza plate no kuyivugurura bibaye ngombwa. Muri rusange, niba plate iri mu rugero rwa .001" ugereranyije n'ubushobozi busabwa, ishobora kongera gushyirwa aho iherereye. Iyo plate yambawe kugeza aho irengeje .001" ubudashoboka, cyangwa niba yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse cyane, bizakenerwa koherezwa mu ruganda kugira ngo isya mbere yo kongera kuyitera.

Hakwiye kwitonda cyane mu guhitamo umutekinisiye ugenzura no kongera gushyiramo ubushyuhe aho hantu. Turagusaba kwitonda mu guhitamo serivisi yawe yo kugenzura. Saba icyemezo kandi ugenzure ko ibikoresho umutekinisiye azakoresha bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura bushobora gukurikiranwa n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubugenzuzi. Bifata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo umuntu yige uburyo bwo gupfunyika neza granite.

ZhongHui itanga uburyo bwo gupima ibintu vuba bukorerwa mu ruganda rwacu. Ohereza amasahani yawe kugira ngo agenzurwe niba bishoboka. Ubwiza n'icyubahiro cyawe biterwa n'uburyo ibikoresho byawe byo gupima birimo n'amasahani yo hejuru bikoreshwa!

Amasahani yacu y'umukara afite ubucucike bwinshi cyane kandi akomeye inshuro eshatu kurusha ayo. Kubwibyo, isahani ikozwe mu mukara ntabwo igomba kuba nini nk'isahani ya granite ifite ingano imwe kugira ngo ibe ifite ubushobozi bungana cyangwa burenzeho bwo guhangana n'ihindagurika. Ubunini bugabanutse bivuze ko uburemere buke kandi ikiguzi cyo kohereza kikagabanuka.

Itondere abandi bakoresha granite y'umukara yoroshye kandi ifite ubugari bumwe. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imiterere ya granite, nk'ibiti cyangwa icyuma, iratandukanye bitewe n'ibikoresho n'amabara, kandi ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cy'ukuri cy'ubukomere, ubukana, cyangwa kudashira. Mu by'ukuri, ubwoko bwinshi bwa granite y'umukara na diabase byoroshye cyane kandi ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa ku gice cyo hejuru cy'ubutaka.

Oya. Ibikoresho byihariye n'amahugurwa bikenewe kugira ngo ibi bikoresho bivugururwe bisaba ko bisubizwa mu ruganda kugira ngo bigenzurwe kandi bivugururwe.

Yego. Ceramic na granite bifite imiterere isa, kandi uburyo bukoreshwa mu gupima no gufunga granite bushobora gukoreshwa n'ibintu bya ceramic. Ceramic iragoye kuyifunga kurusha granite bigatuma ihenda cyane.

Yego, mu gihe ibyo bishyirwamo biri munsi y'ubuso. Niba ibyuma bishyirwamo cyangwa biri hejuru y'ubuso, bigomba kuba bishyizwe hasi mbere yuko isahani ishyirwamo. Niba bikenewe, dushobora gutanga iyo serivisi.

Yego. Ibyuma bishyirwamo umugozi wifuza (icyongereza cyangwa metric) bishobora gushyirwa muri epoxy mu gice cy'icyuma ahantu wifuza. ZhongHui ikoresha imashini za CNC kugira ngo itange ahantu hakomeye cyane mu ntera ya +/- 0.005". Ku bintu bishyirwamo umugozi bidakomeye cyane, ubushobozi bwacu bwo kwihanganira aho ibintu bishyirwamo umugozi biherereye ni ±.060". Andi mahitamo arimo T-Bars z'icyuma n'imirongo y'inyuma ikozwe mu cyuma ikoresheje granite.

Ibyuma bifatanye neza hakoreshejwe epoxy ikomeye cyane kandi bikozwe neza bizahangana n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no gukata. Mu igerageza riherutse gukorwa, hakoreshejwe ibyuma bifatanye bifite imigozi ya 3/8"-16, laboratwari yigenga ipima yapimye imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo ikuremo ibyuma bifatanye na epoxy biva ku gice cyo hejuru. Amasahani icumi yarageragejwe. Muri aya icumi, mu manza icyenda, granite yavunitse bwa mbere. Umutwaro mpuzandengo aho byangiritse wari ibiro 10.020. kuri granite y'umukara na ibiro 12.310. ku mukara. Mu gihe kimwe aho ibyuma bivanze byakuwe ku gice cyo hasi, umutwaro aho byangiritse wari ibiro 12.990.! Iyo igikoresho cy'akazi kigize ikiraro ku gice cyo hejuru kandi hagakoreshwa imbaraga nyinshi, birashoboka ko habaho imbaraga zihagije zo gukata granite. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ZhongHui itanga amabwiriza ku mbaraga ntarengwa zishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bifatanye na epoxy: https://www.zhhimg.com/standard-thread-inserts-product/

Yego, ariko ni mu ruganda rwacu gusa. Mu ruganda rwacu, dushobora gusubiza isahani hafi ya yose ku buryo 'imeze nk'ishya', akenshi ku giciro kiri munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'igiciro cyo kuyisimbuza. Impande zangiritse zishobora gusimburwa mu buryo bwo kwisiga, imiyoboro miremire, utudomo, n'ibihombo bishobora gusya, kandi inkunga zifatanye nazo zishobora gusimburwa. Byongeye kandi, dushobora guhindura isahani yawe kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora neza twongeramo ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa bifite insinga n'iminwa ikata cyangwa iminwa ifunga, nk'uko ubishatse.

Kuki wahitamo Granite?
Granite ni ubwoko bw'urutare rukomoka ku ivumbi rwashinzwe ku Isi mu myaka ya za miriyoni ishize. Ibigize urutare rukomoka ku ivumbi byarimo imyunyu ngugu myinshi nka quartz ikomeye cyane kandi idapfa kwangirika. Uretse gukomera no kudapfa kwangirika, granite ifite hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano y'icyuma gikozwe mu ivumbi. Kubera ko uburemere bwayo bungana na kimwe cya gatatu cy'icyuma gikozwe mu ivumbi, granite yoroshye kuyikoresha.

Ku byerekeye imashini zikoreshwa mu gupima no mu gupima, granite y'umukara ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Granite y'umukara ifite igipimo kinini cya quartz kurusha andi mabara, bityo ikaba ari yo irusha izindi kwambarwa.

Granite irahendutse, kandi ubuso buciwe bushobora kuba burambuye cyane. Ntabwo ishobora gukururwa n'intoki gusa kugira ngo igere ku buziranenge buhanitse, ahubwo no kongera gukururwa bishobora gukorwa hatabayeho kwimura isahani cyangwa ameza ahandi hantu. Ni igikorwa cyo gukururwa n'intoki gusa kandi muri rusange bihendutse cyane ugereranije no kongera gukururwa n'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma.

Izi miterere zituma granite iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukora imashini zifite ingano yihariye n'imiterere yihariye hamwe n'ibice bya metrology nkaisahani yo hejuru ya granite.

ZhongHui ikora ibikoresho bya granite byihariye byakozwe kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa mu gupima. Ibi bikoresho byihariye biratandukanye uhereye kuriimpande zigororotse tokare eshatuBitewe n'imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye,ibicebishobora gukorwa ku bunini ubwo aribwo bwose bukenewe; biraramba kandi biramara igihe kirekire.

Ibyiza by'amasahani yo hejuru ya Granite
Akamaro ko gupima ku buso buringaniye kagaragajwe n'Umwongereza Henry Maudsley mu myaka ya 1800. Nk'umuvumbuzi w'ibikoresho by'imashini, yemeje ko gukora ibice mu buryo buhoraho bisaba ubuso bukomeye kugira ngo bipimwe neza.

Impinduramatwara mu nganda yatumye habaho icyifuzo cyo gupima ubuso, bityo ikigo cy’ubuhanga cya Crown Windley cyashyizeho amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda. Amahame ngenderwaho ku byapa by’ubuso yashyizweho bwa mbere na Crown mu 1904 hakoreshejwe icyuma. Uko icyifuzo n’ikiguzi cy’icyuma byiyongeraga, hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku bindi bikoresho byo gupima ubuso.

Muri Amerika, uwakoze ibishushanyo mbonera bya Wallace Herman yemeje ko granite y'umukara ari ikintu cyiza cyane gisimbura icyuma. Kubera ko granite idakoresha ingufu za rukuruzi kandi ntigira ingese, yahise iba ubuso bukundwa cyane bwo gupima.

Isahani y'ubuso bwa granite ni ishoramari ry'ingenzi muri laboratwari no mu bigo bipima. Isahani y'ubuso bwa granite ifite uburebure bwa mm 600 x 600 ishobora gushyirwa ku gitereko cy'inkunga. Ibitereko bifite uburebure bwa santimetero 0.86 hamwe n'ingingo eshanu zishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo zigere ku rugero.

Kugira ngo habeho ibisubizo byizewe kandi bihamye byo gupima, icyuma gikozwe mu isafuriya ya granite ni ingenzi cyane. Kubera ko ubuso bugenda neza kandi buhamye, bituma ibikoresho bikoreshwa neza.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'amasahani yo hejuru ya granite ni:

• Ntibigaragaza neza
• Irwanya imiti n'ingufu
• Ingano nto y'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe ugereranije n'icyuma cyo mu kagare bityo bigatuma imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe idahinduka cyane.
• Irakomeye kandi irakomeye mu buryo busanzwe
• Imiterere y'ubuso nta kibazo igira iyo ikubiswe
• Ntizagwa ingese
• Ntirikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi
• Byoroshye gusukura no kubungabunga
• Gutunganya no kuvugurura ubuso bishobora gukorwa aho hantu
• Bikwiriye gucukura ibikoresho bifasha mu migozi
• Gutuza cyane kw'umuvuduko

Ku maduka menshi, ibyumba byo kugenzura no muri laboratwari, amasafuriya y’ubuso bwa granite akozwe neza ni yo ashingirwaho mu gupima neza. Kubera ko buri gipimo gishingiye ku buso busanzwe bushingira ku ngero nyazo aho ibipimo bya nyuma bivanwa, amasafuriya y’ubuso atanga urwego rwiza rw’igenzura ry’akazi n’imiterere mbere yo kuyatunganya. Ni kandi ishingiro ryiza ryo gupima uburebure no gupima ubuso. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubugari, uguhagarara neza, ubwiza rusange n’ubuhanga bituma biba amahitamo meza yo gushyiraho sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima ibyuma, ikoranabuhanga n’amatara. Kuri buri buryo bwo gupima, ni ngombwa ko amasafuriya y’ubuso agumana uburyo bwiza bwo gupima.

Gusubiramo Ibipimo n'Ubugari
Ibipimo by’ubugari n’ibisubirwamo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubuso. Ubugari bushobora gufatwa nk’aho ingingo zose ku buso zikubiye mu byiciro bibiri bingana, igice cyo hasi n’igice cyo hejuru. Igipimo cy’intera iri hagati y’ibipimo ni ubugari bw’ubugari muri rusange. Iki gipimo cy’ubugari gikunze kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kandi gishobora kuba gifite urwego.

Ingano y'ubwirinzi ku byiciro bitatu bisanzwe isobanurwa mu bisobanuro bya leta nkuko bigenwa n'uburyo bukurikira:
Icyiciro cya Laboratwari AA = (40 + diagonal² / 25) x 0.0000001 santimetero (uruhande rumwe)
Isuzuma ry'Icyiciro A = Icyiciro cya Laboratwari AA x 2
Icyumba cy'Ibikoresho Icyiciro B = Icyiciro cya Laboratwari AA x 4

Uretse kuba ahantu harambuye, hagomba gusubirwamo neza. Gupima bisubiramo ni ugupima ahantu harambuye. Ni igipimo gifatwa ahantu hose ku buso bw'isahani kizasubiramo mu buryo bwavuzwe. Kugenzura ko ahantu harambuye ku buryo burambuye kuruta uko ahantu harambuye muri rusange bitanga impinduka buhoro buhoro mu miterere y'ubuso, bityo bigabanye amakosa yo mu gace.

Kugira ngo barebe neza ko plaque y'ubuso ihuye n'ibipimo by'ubugari n'ibipimo bisubirwamo, abakora plaque z'ubuso za granite bagomba gukoresha Federal Specification GGG-P-463c nk'ishingiro ry'ibipimo byabo. Iri hame rireba uburyo bwo gupima busubirwamo, imiterere y'ibikoresho bya granite z'ubuso, imiterere y'ubuso, aho inkingi iherereye, ubukana, uburyo bwemewe bwo kugenzura no gushyiraho insinga zikozwe mu migozi.

Mbere yuko icyuma cyo hejuru cyangirika birenze urugero rw’uko gihagaze neza, kizagaragaza inkingi zashaje cyangwa zigonganye. Isuzuma rya buri kwezi ry’amakosa yo gupima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma kizagaragaza ahantu hashaje. Uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma ni igikoresho gipima neza cyane gipima ikosa ryo mu gace runaka kandi gishobora kwerekwa kuri amplifier y’ikoranabuhanga ikura cyane.

Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bwa Plate
Mu gukurikiza amabwiriza make yoroshye, ishoramari mu gice cy’ubuso cya granite rigomba kumara imyaka myinshi. Bitewe n’uko igice cy’ubuso gikoreshwa, aho giherereye n’uburyo gikenewe, inshuro zo kugenzura uburyo igice cy’ubuso gikoreshwa ziratandukanye. Itegeko rusange ni uko igice gishya cyakira ubuziranenge bwuzuye mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe cyaguzwe. Niba igice gikoreshwa kenshi, ni byiza kugabanya iki gihe kikagera ku mezi atandatu.

Mbere yuko icyuma cyo hejuru cyangirika birenze urugero rw’uko gihagaze neza, kizagaragaza inkingi zashaje cyangwa zigonganye. Isuzuma rya buri kwezi ry’amakosa yo gupima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma kizagaragaza ahantu hashaje. Uburyo bwo gusubiramo icyuma ni igikoresho gipima neza cyane gipima ikosa ryo mu gace runaka kandi gishobora kwerekwa kuri amplifier y’ikoranabuhanga ikura cyane.

Gahunda yo kugenzura neza igomba kuba irimo kugenzura buri gihe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuziranenge, gitanga uburyo nyabwo bwo kugenzura ubugari bw’ibikoresho byose bushobora gukurikizwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge n’Ikoranabuhanga (NIST). Gusuzuma byuzuye bikorwa n’uruganda cyangwa ikigo cyigenga ni ngombwa rimwe na rimwe.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y'igenamiterere
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, hari itandukaniro hagati yo gupima plaque y'ubuso. Hari igihe ibintu nk'impinduka z'ubuso ziterwa no gusaza, gukoresha nabi ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bidapima bishobora kuba impamvu y'izi mpinduka. Icyakora, ibintu bibiri bikunze kugaragara ni ubushyuhe n'inkunga.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ni ubushyuhe. Urugero, ubuso bushobora kuba bwarasukuwe n'umuti ushyushye cyangwa ukonje mbere yo gupimwa kandi ntibuhabwe umwanya uhagije wo kuvugurura. Izindi mpamvu zitera impinduka z'ubushyuhe zirimo umwuka ukonje cyangwa ushyushye, izuba ryinshi, amatara yo hejuru cyangwa andi masoko y'ubushyuhe bukabije ku buso bw'isahani.

Hari kandi n'impinduka mu bushyuhe buhagaze hagati y'itumba n'impeshyi. Hari ubwo icyuma kiba kidahabwa umwanya uhagije wo kugitunganya nyuma yo kohereza. Ni byiza kwandika ubushyuhe buhagaze mu gihe cyo kugitunganya.

Indi mpamvu ikunze gutuma habaho ihindagurika ry’uburyo bwo gupima ni icyuma gishyigikiwe nabi. Igice cyo hejuru kigomba gushyigikirwa ku ngingo eshatu, byaba byiza gishyizwe ku ntera ya 20% y’uburebure uvuye ku mpera z’igice. Ibikoresho bibiri bigomba gushyirwa ku ntera ya 20% y’ubugari uvuye ku mpande ndende, naho ikindi gikoresho gisigaye kigashyirwa hagati.

Ingingo eshatu gusa ni zo zishobora guhagarara neza ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kitari ubuso buto. Kugerageza gushyigikira isahani ku ngingo zirenze eshatu bizatuma isahani ihabwa inkunga yayo iturutse ku mpande eshatu zitandukanye, zitazaba ari ingingo eshatu zashyigikiweho mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Ibi bizatera amakosa mu gihe isahani ihinduka kugira ngo ihuze n'uburyo bushya bwo kuyishyigikira. Tekereza gukoresha ibyuma bihagarara bifite imiringoti yo kuyishyigikira igenewe guhuza n'ingingo zikwiye zo kuyishyigikira. Ibikoresho byo kuyishyigikira muri rusange biboneka ku ruganda rukora ibyuma bihagarara ku buso.

Iyo platine ishyigikiwe neza, kuyipima neza ni ngombwa gusa iyo porogaramu ibisobanuye. Kuyipima si ngombwa kugira ngo platine ishyigikiwe neza ikomeze kuba nziza.

Ni ngombwa kugira ngo isahani igire isuku. Ivumbi rituruka mu kirere rikunze kuba isoko ikomeye y'ingufu ku isahani, kuko rikunze kwinjira mu bikoresho byo gukoreraho no ku buso bw'aho imashini zikorera. Gupfuka amasahani kugira ngo birinde ivumbi no kwangirika. Igihe cyo kwambara gishobora kongerwa iyo isahani idakoreshejwe.

Ongera igihe cyo kumara isahani
Gukurikiza amabwiriza make bizagabanya kwangirika kw'isahani y'ubuso bwa granite kandi amaherezo bikongere igihe cyo kubaho.

Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kubungabunga isahani. Ivumbi rituruka mu kirere ni ryo rikunze kwangirika cyane ku isahani, kuko rikunze kwinjira mu bikoresho byo gukora no ku buso buhuza ibyuma.

Ni ngombwa kandi gupfuka amasahani kugira ngo arinde ivumbi n'ibyangiritse. Igihe cyo kwambara gishobora kongerwa iyo upfutse isahani iyo idakoreshwa.

Zunguruza isahani buri gihe kugira ngo ahantu hamwe hatajya hakoreshwa cyane. Nanone, ni byiza gusimbuza utubati tw'icyuma dufatanaho iyo ugiye gukanda ukoresheje utubati twa karubide.

Irinde gushyira ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa bidasembuye ku isahani. Ibinyobwa byinshi bidasembuye birimo aside karubone cyangwa fosiforuke, bishobora gushonga imyunyu ngugu yoroshye igasiga utwobo duto hejuru.

Aho wasubiramo
Iyo icyuma gikozwe mu isafuriya ya granite gikeneye kongera gushyirwaho, tekereza niba iyi serivisi ikorerwa aho iherereye cyangwa mu kigo gipima. Buri gihe ni byiza kongera gushyirwaho icyuma gikozwe mu ruganda cyangwa mu kigo cyabugenewe. Ariko, niba icyuma kidasaza cyane, muri rusange kiri muri santimetero 0.001 ugereranyije n'ubushobozi busabwa, gishobora kongera gushyirwaho aho giherereye. Niba icyuma gikozwe mu isafuriya kirenze santimetero 0.001 ugereranyije n'ubushobozi busabwa, cyangwa niba cyarangiritse cyangwa cyarangiritse cyane, kigomba koherezwa mu ruganda kugira ngo gisya mbere yo kongera gushyirwaho.

Ikigo gishinzwe gupima gifite ibikoresho n'imiterere y'uruganda bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gupima neza plaque no kuyivugurura bibaye ngombwa.

Hakwiye kwitonda cyane mu guhitamo umutekinisiye uzagenzura no kuvugurura aho hantu. Saba icyemezo kandi urebe neza ko ibikoresho umutekinisiye azakoresha bifite uburyo bwo kubikurikirana bwa NIST. Ubunararibonye nabwo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi, kuko bifata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo umuntu yige uburyo bwo gupfunyika neza granite.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bitangirira ku gice cy'ubuso cya granite cy'umwimerere nk'ishingiro. Mu kwemeza ko ari icyerekezo cyizewe hakoreshejwe igice cy'ubuso gikozwe neza, abakora ibikoresho bafite kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo gupima neza no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibice.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'impinduka mu gupima

1. Ahantu hogejwe n'umuti ushyushye cyangwa ukonje mbere yo gupimwa kandi ntabwo hatanzwe umwanya uhagije wo kuvugurura.
2. Isahani ishyigikiwe nabi.
3. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
4. Imishinga y'ibishushanyo mbonera.
5. Imirasire y'izuba cyangwa ubundi bushyuhe bukabije ku buso bw'isahani. Menya neza ko amatara yo hejuru atari ugushyushya ubuso.
6. Impinduka mu bushyuhe buhagaze hagati y'itumba n'impeshyi. Niba bishoboka, menya ubushyuhe buhagaze mu gihe cyo gupima.
7. Isahani ntiyemerewe igihe gihagije cyo kuvugurura nyuma yo koherezwa.
8. Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura.
9. Impinduka ku buso ziterwa no kwangirika.

Inama ku ikoranabuhanga
Kubera ko buri gipimo cy’umurongo gishingira ku buso bw’ifatizo nyabwo aho ibipimo bya nyuma bivanwa, ibyuma by’ifatizo bitanga urwego rwiza rw’ifatizo rwo kugenzura no gushushanya mbere yo gukora imashini.

Kugenzura ubugari bw'ahantu haherereye kugeza ku buremere buto kurusha ubugari muri rusange byemeza impinduka buhoro buhoro mu miterere y'ubugari bw'ahantu haherereye, bityo bigabanye amakosa yo mu gace.